adverse effect to ciliary muscle
of α-agonists, β-blockers, cholinomimetics

α-agonists (naphazoline)(↓aqueous humor synthesis (α2))→cannot used for closed angle glaucoma due to ☆mydriasis (α1)

β-blockers (timolol) decrease aqueous humor synthesis (β2) in ☆ciliary epithelium→ no pupillary or vision changes

cholinomimetics(↑outflow of aqueous humor(M3))→contraction of ciliary muscle(M3)→accommodation(blurred far vision)

ophthalmology pharmacology UWorld new question