treatment of rhabdomyolysis and crush syndrome☆IV fluid administration
Monitor fluid output and electrolyte levels
Correct electrolyte imbalances as necessary (see treatment of hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia)
In the case of renal failure: consider hemodialysis pharmacologypsychiatry国試 HirotoShishido
decrease the risk of pneumococcal meningitis☆dexamethasone
dexamethasone prior to the antibiotics has shown to decrease the risk of adverse events(eg seizures, focal neurologic deficits) and death microbiologypharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
mecA geneencodes for penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2a
unlike other PBP, PBP 2a has ☆low affinity for beta-lactams and continues to cross link peptidoglycan in the presence of oxacillin, methicillin, ☆cephalosporins, and other beta lactam medications microbiologypharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
N-acetylcysteineNAC
Mucolytic - liquifies mucus in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (eg, COPD, CF) by disrupting disulfide bonds. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose. respiratorypharmacology HirotoShishido
diagnosis/ causes of rhabdomyolysis☆Positive blood on urine dipstick (a reaction that detects the heme pigment in both hemoglobin and myoglobin) in the absence of red blood cells on microscopic urinalysis suggests myoglobinuria.
what dirupt the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and increase permeability
of medicationshyperosmolar agents (eg mannitol) neurologypharmacology HirotoShishido
treatment for pseudogoutacute: NSAIDs, colchicine(same as gout) ☆> glucocorticoids
drugs which has been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunctionβ-blocker(Bisoprolol, ☆Carvedilol, Metoprolol (β-blockers Curb Mortality)),
ACE inhibitors, ARB, aldosterone antagonists cardiologypharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
oral rehydration for children with watery diarrheahypotonic, equimolar concentrations of ☆sodium and glucose solution
sodium creates osmotic gradient by active cotransportation, increasing water reabsorption from GI lumen into lamina propria and ultimately the bloodstream gastrointestinalpharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
