cluster B(wild) Bad(antisocial),Boderline,flamBoyant(histrionic),must be the Best(narcissistic)
cluster C(worried)
Cowardly(avoidant→desires relationship with others), obsessive-Compulsive,Clingy(dependent) psychiatry Jun 12, 2019, 4:40 AM HirotoShishido
reduced number of neutrophils,basophils,and eosinophils=agranulocytosis
Wernicke encephalopathy
on imaging,symptoms, managementincieased MRI T2 FLAIR signal involving the ☆mammillary bodies, →Confusion
dorsomedial thalami, →Amnesia
tectal plate,
periaqueductal area,
(around the third ventricle)
+Ataxia,Nystagmus,Ophthalmoplegia
(CAAN Of beer)
intravenous thamine should be administered before infusion of glucose-containing fluids in at-risk patient because ☆glucose can deplete the last remaining stores of thiamine neurologypsychiatryUWorld Jun 9, 2019, 3:52 AM HirotoShishido
diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disordertime consuming(>1hr/day), or cause significant distress or impairment
eating/ grooming rituals are driven by a symmetry obsession and the need to prevemt a feared event ⇔ body dysmorphic disorder(preoccupation with defects in physical appearance)
inconsistent with one's beliefs and attitude ⇔ obsessive-compulsive personality disorder psychiatryUWorld Apr 30, 2020, 11:36 PM HirotoShishido
the difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorderIAD(hypochondriasis)→ minimal to no somatic symptoms
somatic symptom disorder→ prominent and typically multiple somatic symptoms psychiatryUWorld Apr 30, 2020, 11:26 PM HirotoShishido
management for acute distress of panic disorderbenzodiazepines
difference between delusional disorder (jealous) and paranoid personality disorderdelusional disorder→ does not markedly impair the person’s functioning in daily activities, and the ramifications are limited to the delusional content
(schizoid→aloof, schizotypal→ awkwardness ≒ odd belief, magical thinking)
paranoid personality disorder→ have pervasive, long-standing distrust of ☆many people,
☆but do not have fixed, specific delusions psychiatryUWorld Nov 3, 2019, 9:23 PM HirotoShishido
opioid detoxification and relapse preventionmethadone→ full agonist, ☆☆longer half time
(codeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine are also full agonist)
buprenorphine→ partial agonists, ☆can
precipitate withdrawal in patients on long term opioid therapy
naloxone→ ☆short acting opioid antagonist (frequent redosing is necessary)
naltrexone→ long acting opioid antagonist, ☆first line pharmacotherapy for moderate to severe alcohol use disorder(second line→disulfiram) psychiatrypharmacologyUWorld Feb 22, 2020, 7:35 AM HirotoShishido
globus sensationGlobus sensation (also called globus hystericus and globus pharyngeus) is a common abnormal sensation of a foreign body, tightness, or fullness in the throat.
It is often worse when swallowing saliva and may be alleviated with food or liquid. Globus is a ☆functional disorder of the esophagus and by definition is not due to a structural abnormality or motility disorder. psychiatryUWorld SIM1 May 25, 2020, 4:53 AM HirotoShishido
Huntington disease
pathogenesis, symptoms, mechanism of silencingexpansion of CAG repeatIN(more than 36 repeat)
Caudate loses Ach and Gaba(GABA)
especially, INdirect way is affected
(↓GPi activity)
chorea, athetosis, psychiatric symptoms→ highly prevalent and may occur prior to the onset of chorea, including ☆phychosis, depression, anxiety, apathy
dementia can be seen later in the disease course and characterized by a prominent execuive dysfunction
mechanism of the treatment for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)
adverse effectsmethylphenidate
stimulates the release of norepinephrine (NE) and ☆dopamine from presynaptic nerve terminals leading to increased action potential transmission
(inhibit reuptake of serotonin)
