for what predilection does HPV have?stratified squamous epithelium
(eg. ☆true vocal cords, anal canal, vagina, cervix) reproductiveUWorld Jan 14, 2020, 8:26 AM HirotoShishido
how to distinguish bicornuate uterus from longitudinal uterine septum(2 unfused uterine horns with central filling defect on hysterosalpingogram(HSG))
MRI
septate uterus(failure of involution of the paramesonephric ducts)→ normal outer uterine contour(kάntʊɚ)
bicornuate uterus(☆failure of lateral fusion of the paramesonephric ducts)→
indentation in the center of the fundus
(uterus didelphys: complete failure of fusion→double uterus, cervix, vagina) reproductiveUWorld Jan 14, 2020, 3:30 AM HirotoShishido
vaginal pH3.8-4.5→ normal, candida vulvovaginitis
6.0→ bacterial vaginosis(gardnerella)
off-white
7.0→ trichomonas vaginitis → treat sexual partner
yellow
6 month developmental milestonesrolls and sits
passes toys hand to hand
stranger anxiety
babble reproductivepediatrics Jan 2, 2020, 7:36 PM HirotoShishido
tumor marker/ histology of the most common ovarian neoplasm in adolescentsdysgerminoma(equivalent to male seminoma)
(vs most common in young female→ mature cystic teratoma)
yolk SAC
★Schiller-Duval bodies(resembles ☆primitive glomeruli)
AFP
Child
aggressive reproductive国試 Jan 2, 2020, 4:22 AM HirotoShishido
FSH, LH
in Klinefelter syndromedysgenesis of seminiferous tubules→ ↓inhibin A→ ↑FSH
abnormal Lydig cell function→ ↓teststerone→ ↑LH(→ ↑estrogen) reproductive Jan 1, 2020, 6:57 AM HirotoShishido
what hormones are structurally similar to hCG?
treatment options for PCOSFSH, ☆LH, and TSH.
All four hormones share the same α subunit; it is their β subunit that confers functional specificity.
Treatment options include the administration of drugs that act like FSH and LH.
☆Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotrophin) therapy ☆mimics FSH and triggers the formation of a dominant ovarian follicle.
When the follicle appears mature, exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is administered→ simulate ☆LH surge reproductiveUWorld Dec 31, 2019, 1:32 AM HirotoShishido
Clomiphene citrate
mechanism, indicationSERM that acts as an antiestrogen=( blocks negative feedback on hypothalamus), which leads to increased secretion of GnRH and ultimately to increased testosterone
medical abortionmifepristone (progesterone antagonist to make the uterus an uninhabitable/unsustainable environment for the fetus)
+ Misoprostol (prostaglandin E1 agonist) is taken 24–48 hours later; this drug causes uterine contraction and expulsion of the uterine contents OBGYreproductive Dec 10, 2019, 1:02 AM HirotoShishido
ovarian neoplasm which manifest postmenopausal bleedingsex cord stromal tumor
benign→ thecoma(may produce estrogen), ☆Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (may produce androgens →virilization
(eg, hirsutism, male pattern baldness, clitoral enlargement))
histology of Paget diseaselarge cells with prominent nucleoli and pale to clear ″halos″ of cytoplasm in the epidermis reproductive Dec 7, 2019, 8:07 PM HirotoShishido
most common ovarian tumor in females 10-30yo
characteristicmature cystic teratoma(dermoid cyst)
(adolescents→ dysgerminoma)
