when does fatty steaks start to be seen?(the earliest lesions in the progression to atherosclerosis and) can be seen as early as ☆the second decade of life cardiologyUWorld Apr 16, 2020, 3:27 AM HirotoShishido
paradoxical embolism(venous thromboemboli entering the systemic arterial circulation)
eg. cerebrovascular event in the setting of known venous thromboembolic disease is suspicious for paradoxical embolism
common complication of adult-type coacrctation of the aortahypertension associated complications including left ventricular failure, ruptured dissecting aortic aneurysm, and ☆intracranial hemorrhage(congenital berry aneurysms of the Circle of Willis) cardiologyneurologyUWorld Apr 22, 2020, 9:29 AM HirotoShishido
bacterial endocarditis
microorganismacute onset→S aureus both damaged and ☆previously normal valves
same pressure as PAWP(PAWP,pulmonary artery wedge pressure 2(4)〜12mmHg)
PVP
LAP
systolic LVP
diastolic PAP
aorta 130/90
LV 130/10
LA<10(12)
PA 25/10
RV ☆25/5
(aortocavitary fistula(rare complication of bacterial endocarditis)→ continuous blood flow)
RA<5 cardiologyUWorld Mar 25, 2019, 3:48 AM HirotoShishido
pulsus paradoxus, kussmaul sign心タンポナーデでも収縮性心膜炎でもどちらでも起こるが、
主に心タンポナーデ→奇脈、
収縮性心膜炎→kussmaul徴候(吸気時にVRが右室に戻れずに頸静脈怒張が増強) cardiology Oct 28, 2018, 3:31 AM HirotoShishido
heart murmurs occurs with the patients with bacterial endocarditisholosystolic murmur
caused by mitral regurgitation/tricuspid regurgitation cardiologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 19, 2020, 10:11 PM HirotoShishido
common complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)paraventricular leak (improper sealing of the prosthetic valve to the native valve annulus)→ ☆aortic regurgitation cardiologyUWorld May 13, 2020, 1:52 AM HirotoShishido
development of a new systolic murmur that resolved following revascularization in patients with myocardial infarction(MI)Myocardial infarction can cause ischemia of the papillary muscle and the adjacent LV wall on which it is mounted.
This results in hypokinesis and outward ☆displacement of the ☆papillary muscle, creating increased tension on the attached chordae tendineae and preventing complete closure of the corresponding mitral valve cusp.
Timely restoration of adequate blood supply with coronary revascularization restores papillary muscle and LV wall motion, often leading to resolution of the MR. cardiologyUWorld Jun 12, 2020, 10:15 AM HirotoShishido
administration of nitrateAround-the-clock nitrate administration (in any form) rapidly results in ☆development of tolerance to nitrates.
This is why a ☆nitrate-free interval must be provided every day in patients that are using daily long acting nitrates.
Usually the nitrate-free period is timed to occur during the night when the patient is sleeping and cardiac work is the least. cardiologypharmacologyUWorld May 20, 2020, 9:37 PM HirotoShishido
Korotkoff can be heard thrughout the respiratory circle → normal
Korotkoff can be heard only during expiration at 120mmHg, but can be heard throughout the respiratory circle at 100mmHg→ puslsus pardoxus cardiologyUWorld May 22, 2020, 2:40 AM HirotoShishido
indicated for acute decompensated heart failure with cardiogenic shock cardiologyUWorld May 22, 2020, 3:01 AM HirotoShishido
what is the function of platelet for forming atheromarelease platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF), activating macrophages and endothelial cells, and this triggers smooth muscle cell(SMC) recruitment from the media and proliferation in the intima cardiologyUWorld May 24, 2020, 3:54 AM HirotoShishido
histology of buerger disease
in what races does it have a propensity to occur?(thromboangiitis obliterans)
segmental vasculitis(= ☆inflammatory intraluminal thrombi) extending into contiguous veins and nerves
histology of cardiac amyloidosiscross sections of normal cardial cells(blue arrow), with other areas of myocardium infiltrated by an ☆amorphous and acellular pink material (black arrow) cardiologyUWorld Apr 21, 2020, 2:39 AM HirotoShishido
areas particulary susceptible to neuropathic ulcersare points of localized pressure created by a shoe or weight-bearing bones of the foot (eg, ☆plantar surface of the first metatarsal head)
A wound in this area often goes unnoticed (due to lack of pain sensation and being hidden by socks orshoes) and can develop into a nonhealing foot ulcer. cardiologyendocrinologyUWorld Jun 25, 2020, 9:45 PM HirotoShishido
