pathophysiology of minimal change diseasewith disruption of ☆negatively charged heparan sulfate, negatively charged albumin is no longer repelled and protein is lost in the urine renal Dec 22, 2019, 6:43 AM HirotoShishido
the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African-Americans and Hispanicsfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) renal Dec 23, 2019, 10:28 AM HirotoShishido
treatment of electrolyte abnormality in aspirin overdose(respiratory alkalosis+anion gap metabolic acidosis)
medication which causes hyperventilation(stimulate respiratory center→ primary respiratory alkalosis)
salicylates(intermediate, high dose aspirin)
early respiratory alkalosis→ combined respiratory alkalosis and anion gap metabolic acidosis pharmacologyrenal Oct 22, 2019, 12:25 AM HirotoShishido
the most common cause of prenatal unilateral hydronephrosisinadequate canalization of the ureteroplelvic junction renalUWorld Jan 29, 2020, 11:02 PM HirotoShishido
the most common neurogenic cause of overflow incontinencediabetes mellitus(automatous bladder)
(pelvic nerve(sympathetic) is damaged) renalurology Jun 2, 2019, 4:59 AM HirotoShishido
the differece of electrolytes abnormality effects between Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics・different effects
loop→hypocalcemia(cannot be used for stones),ototoxicity
thiazide→hypercalcemia(can be used),hyperglycemia
what componets of glomerular filtration barrier does contribute to charge barrierheparan sulfate in basement membrane renal May 29, 2019, 1:48 AM HirotoShishido
radiolucent kidney stoneradiolUcent(放射線透過性)
→Uric acid (5% of kidney stones)
(however, can be seen on noncontrast CT) urologyrenal May 31, 2019, 7:25 AM HirotoShishido
how ACE inhibitor and Ca inhibitor affect GFRACE inhibitor→dilate efferent arteriole→↓Pgc(glomerular capillary pressure)→↓GFR(↑RPF)
Ca inhibitor→dilate afferent arteriole→↑Pgc→↑GFR(↑RPF) renal May 28, 2019, 11:40 PM HirotoShishido
hepatorenal syndrome
pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,prognosis(肝腎症候群)
progressive functional renal failure caused by reduction in the GFR due to declining hepatic function
kidney anatomy is completely unaffected(normal size and shape)
confirmed characteristic of postrenal failureurine osmolality<350 mOsm/kg
kidneys are unable to effectively concentrate the urine renal Jun 2, 2019, 3:23 AM HirotoShishido
GFR=?? clearanceinulin
creatinin clearance is an approximate measure of GFR(slightly overestimate GFR cos creatinin is moderately secreted by renal tubules) renal Jun 2, 2019, 3:53 AM HirotoShishido
