IVC obstruction can occur due to intraluminal extension and thrombus formation, rather than mass effect from the tumor itself.
The obstruction can occur acutely or gradually over time. In chronic cases, collateral venous circulation may develop based on the site of the obstruction. Prominent abdominal wall collateral veins(☆tortuous abdominal veins), and ☆symmetric bilateral lower extremity pitting edema suggest obstruction of the upper segment of the IVC.
renal
anatomy
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