reversible
↓ATP →↓ activity of Ca2+ and Na+/K+ pumps→ ☆cellular swelling (earliest morphologic manifestation), ☆mitochondrial swelling, chromatin clumping, plasma membrane changes(eg bleb)
irreversible
Breakdown of plasma membrane→ cytosolic enzymes (eg, troponin) leak outside of cell, influx of Ca2+ → activation of degradative enzymes,
Mitochondrial damage/dysfunction→ loss of electron transport chain= ☆mitochondrial vacuolization→ ↓ATP, apoptosis, rupture of lysosomes→ autolysis
pathology
UWorld
Optimized studying based on the forgetting curve vastly improves memorization. - What is reminDO?
Memorize
