• spontaneous resolution in 60% of primary reflux
■ in lower grades (I-III), goal is to prevent infection or renal damage via medical treatment
• medical treatment: daily ABx prophylaxis
• surgical treatment: ureteral reimplantation ± ureteroplasty, or subureteral injection with bulking agents (Deflux® or Macroplastique®)
■ indications include failure of medical management, renal scarring (e.g. renal insufficiency, HTN), breakthrough UTIs, persistent ☆high grade (IV or V) reflux
urology
pediatrics
卒試
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