management for transient ischemic attack(TIA)Secondary prevention of future stroke includes antiplatelet agents (eg, aspirin, clopidogrel) to prevent thrombus formation and ☆statin therapy (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; eg, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation. Lifestyle modifications (eg, exercise, tobacco cessation) are also recommended. neurologyUWorld HirotoShishido
hypothyroidism and T3synthetic T3 (liothyronine) is not recommended for the routine treatment of hypothyroidism, as it has a short half-life and patients can experience wide fluctuations in plasma T3 levels
characteristics of the bacteriaGBS colonization by vaginal-rectal culture at 35-37 weeks gestation is recommended to identify colonized woman who require ★intrapartum penicillin/ampicillin to prevent neonatal GBS sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis
women with heavy colnization (eg. asymptomatic bacteriuria) needs ampicillin (★)regardless of screening status or rectovaginal culture results
TAP protein
functionTAP(transporter associated with antigen processing) protein transports some of the peptide fragments degraded by proteasome into the endoplasmic reticucum and load onto ☆MHC class Ⅰ molecules
genetic mutation affecting MHC claps Ⅰ polypeptide complex expression(bare lymphocyte syndrome type Ⅰ)
→ulcerative glanulomatous skin lesions and frequent respiratory infeltions ☆despite normal lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels immunologyUWorld HirotoShishido
cells in which telomere length is maintained by telomerasecells with high turnover rate
→☆hematopoietic stem cells, epithelial
cells, lymphocytes geneticsUWorld HirotoShishido
Kehr signreffered pain to the C3-5 shoulder pain
caused by any abdominal process irritating the phrenic nerve
☆splenic laceration, peritonitis, ☆pneumoperitoneum(commonly caused by
anterior duodenal ulcer), hemoperitoneum, etc. gastrointestinalUWorld HirotoShishido
for what predilection does HPV have?stratified squamous epithelium
(eg. ☆true vocal cords, anal canal, vagina, cervix) reproductiveUWorld HirotoShishido
stages of change in overcoming addictionprecontemplation(denying)
contemplation(acknowledging, but unwilling)
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse psychiatryUWorld HirotoShishido
amantadine
oseltamiviramantadine→ impairs uncoating or disassembly of influenza A virion after host cell endocytosis
no longer used due to resistance!!
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
cause, resultcause→ Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
result→ overproduction of vitamin K and ☆folate, associated with nausea, bloating, abdominal discomfort, and malabsorption gastrointestinalUWorld HirotoShishido
phenylketouria
findingsHypopigmentation involving the skin, hair, eyes, and ☆catecholaminergic brain nuclei (which produce a dark pigment known as neuromelanin) results from the inhibitory effect of excess phenylalanine on melanin synthesis.
'The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act(EMTALA) was enacted by Congsess to prevent hospitals from inapppopriately transferring, discharging, or refusing to treat indigent patients' englishpublic healthUWorld HirotoShishido
early and late onset of Alzheimer's diseaseeary→ associated with Amyloid precursor protein(APP) (on chromosome 21)
☆presenilin-1,2
