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rotator cuff
arm internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction internal rotation→ subscapularis

external rotation→ ☆infraspinatous, teres minor

adduction→ subscapularis,teres minor,infraspinatus

abduction→ supraspinatous(0-15°)
musculoskeletal anatomy free120 Apr 23, 2019, 9:30 PM   HirotoShishido

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psoriatic arthritis
5types,treatment ↑more common

oligoarticular(less than 5 joints)
polyarticular(more than 5 joints)
spondyloarthritis
distal interphalangeal predominant (affects joints at the end of the fingers and toes→dactylitis)
arthritis multilans

NSAIDs,(for more severe)sulfasalazine,methotrexate(disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,DMARDs)

↓if these fail
biological response modifiers(which blocks TNF-alpha)
rheumatology musculoskeletal Apr 24, 2019, 8:27 AM   HirotoShishido

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reactive arthritis

①when does it appear ②which types of HLA ③other diseases associated with(②) ④what does (②)gene code for ①2-3weeks after sexually transmitted infection or gastroenteritis
②HLA-B27
③psoriasis,ankylosing spondylitis
④MHC1
musculoskeletal rheumatology Apr 23, 2019, 10:05 AM   HirotoShishido

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rotator cuff tear
①muscles ②acute and chronic ③diagnosis ④treatment ①SITS muscles(supraspinatus,infraspinatus,teres minor(小円筋),subscapularis)

②acute→tendons violently stretched
chronic→cumulative tear(usually elderly)

③pain and weakness with abduction or rotation

④rest,ice&pain control
arthroscopic surgery(more severe case)
musculoskeletal Apr 18, 2019, 1:46 AM   HirotoShishido

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microorganisms that cause osteomyelitis staphylococcus aureus (the most common)
→invade the skin and spread contiguously to the bone

salmonella→particularly affects indivisuals w/ sickle cell

pasteurella multocida→spread from cat or dog bite/scratch
microbiology musculoskeletal Apr 18, 2019, 1:15 AM   HirotoShishido

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paget's disease of bone
①phases ②symptoms ③treatment ①lytic phase,mixed phase,sclerotic phase

②usually asymptomatic, but can result in weak or misshapen bone which can lead to fracture,nerve compression

③osteoporosis medication(except for teriparatide which can increase the risk of osteosarcoma)as antiresorptive drug

surgery(for deformities,fractures,impinged nerve)
musculoskeletal Apr 15, 2019, 2:50 AM   HirotoShishido

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two types of ulnar nerve palsy ①guyon canal syndrome→手背の感覚障害がない(手背枝がguyon canalより中枢から分枝するため)
②cubital tunnel syndrome(osborne ligament etc)
musculoskeletal Apr 15, 2019, 6:03 AM   HirotoShishido

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肩関節脱臼の整復 shoulder dislocation

formed elevation maneuver for reduction
stimson's method
→immobilization in external rotation
musculoskeletal Apr 8, 2019, 11:01 AM   HirotoShishido

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three types of chronic gout drugs xanthine oxidase inhibitors
-allopurinol
(oxypurinol)
-feboxostat

uricosuric medication
-probenecid
-sulfinpyrazone(not used in Japan)

→☆dosage adjustment for penicillin
(because organic anion transporter(OAT) is inhibited in the proximal convoluted tubule, and inhibits secretion of penicillin)

precombinant urate oxidate(catalyze uric acid to allantoin)
-pegloticase
-rasburicase(tumor lysis syndrome)
pharmacology musculoskeletal endocrinology Apr 7, 2019, 7:26 AM   HirotoShishido

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