the most common psychological disorder complicated with multiple sclerosis★Depression has been found in up to two-thirds of patients with MS and is the most common psychiatric complication. Depression can occur at any time and is likely caused by a combination of factors, including inflammatory changes in the brain, immune system changes, and psychological reactions to neurological deficits and the challenges of living with MS. neurologypsychiatryUWorld step2CK Sep 22, 2020, 7:49 AM HirotoShishido
systemic symptoms of botulismwound botulism is often associated with fever and leukocytosis and generally presents -10 days (rather than within hours) after transmission
Klüver-Barrera染色髄鞘（ミエリン）を青く染色するので，大脳白質は青，皮質と基底核の青みは弱い（髄鞘が少ないため）．矢印の部位は大脳の内部にあるので基底核（尾状核，被殻，淡蒼球）に含まれ，側脳室に面しているので尾状核 neurology国試 Aug 24, 2020, 4:39 AM HirotoShishido
target of levetiracetamSV2A receptor blocker;
may modulate GABA and glutamate release, inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ channels neurologypharmacology Jul 11, 2020, 12:28 AM HirotoShishido
the first manifestation caused by cavernous carotid aneurysmCNⅥ
→ initially cause diplopia as CNⅥ runs next to the ICA neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jul 7, 2020, 4:19 AM HirotoShishido
towards affected side vs unaffected sideaffected side
CNⅤ(jaw deviates), CNⅫ(tongue deviates)
lesion above midbrain
closed angle glaucoma vs migrane with auraclosed angle glaucoma
→ typically older (> 60yo),
severe pain and conjunctival erythema are common, and vision would not be expected to improve without intervention
