the most common psychological disorder complicated with multiple sclerosis★Depression has been found in up to two-thirds of patients with MS and is the most common psychiatric complication. Depression can occur at any time and is likely caused by a combination of factors, including inflammatory changes in the brain, immune system changes, and psychological reactions to neurological deficits and the challenges of living with MS. neurologypsychiatryUWorld step2CK Sep 22, 2020, 10:49 AM HirotoShishido
systemic symptoms of botulismwound botulism is often associated with fever and leukocytosis and generally presents -10 days (rather than within hours) after transmission
Klüver-Barrera染色髄鞘（ミエリン）を青く染色するので，大脳白質は青，皮質と基底核の青みは弱い（髄鞘が少ないため）．矢印の部位は大脳の内部にあるので基底核（尾状核，被殻，淡蒼球）に含まれ，側脳室に面しているので尾状核 neurology国試 Aug 24, 2020, 7:39 AM HirotoShishido
target of levetiracetamSV2A receptor blocker;
may modulate GABA and glutamate release, inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ channels neurologypharmacology Jul 11, 2020, 3:28 AM HirotoShishido
the first manifestation caused by cavernous carotid aneurysmCNⅥ
→ initially cause diplopia as CNⅥ runs next to the ICA neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jul 7, 2020, 7:19 AM HirotoShishido
towards affected side vs unaffected sideaffected side
CNⅤ(jaw deviates), CNⅫ(tongue deviates)
lesion above midbrain
closed angle glaucoma vs migrane with auraclosed angle glaucoma
→ typically older (> 60yo),
severe pain and conjunctival erythema are common, and vision would not be expected to improve without intervention
