management for transient ischemic attack(TIA)Secondary prevention of future stroke includes antiplatelet agents (eg, aspirin, clopidogrel) to prevent thrombus formation and ☆statin therapy (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; eg, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation. Lifestyle modifications (eg, exercise, tobacco cessation) are also recommended. neurologyUWorld May 24, 2020, 12:25 AM HirotoShishido
small cell carcinoma
hormone productionACTH→Cushing syndrome
ADH→SIADH
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channel→Ach release is affected→weakness on the lower extremities(Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome) endocrinologyrespiratoryneurology Jun 26, 2019, 11:28 PM HirotoShishido
normal intracranial calcificationpineal gland, habenula(手綱), choroid plexus, basal ganglia, dentate nuclei neurology Jul 17, 2019, 2:17 AM HirotoShishido
pilocytic astrocytoma
region, histology, characteristics on imaging(Juvenile) pilocytic astrocytomas usually arise in the ☆cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamic region, or optic pathways.
Microscopically, pilocytic astrocytomas are well-differentiated neoplasms comprised of ☆spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with microcysts. These cells are mixed with ☆Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies.
PRL産生腫瘍か非機能性腺腫か下垂体腺腫の治療の第一選択は，PRL産生下垂体腺腫は薬物療法（ドパミン作動薬：ブロモクリプチン，テルグリド，カベルゴリン），その他の腫瘍（GH産生下垂体腺腫，非機能性下垂体腺腫など）では手術である．一般的にプロラクチン産生下垂体腺腫のプロラクチン値は200ng/mL以上となる（実際には数千もの高値をとることもある）．PRL 34.8ng/mLが下垂体茎圧迫による軽度上昇の範囲 neurologyneurosurgery国試 Aug 24, 2020, 8:15 PM HirotoShishido
Klüver-Barrera染色髄鞘（ミエリン）を青く染色するので，大脳白質は青，皮質と基底核の青みは弱い（髄鞘が少ないため）．矢印の部位は大脳の内部にあるので基底核（尾状核，被殻，淡蒼球）に含まれ，側脳室に面しているので尾状核 neurology国試 Aug 24, 2020, 4:39 AM HirotoShishido
mutation in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophySBMA
Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome
XR
