what componets of glomerular filtration barrier does contribute to charge barrierheparan sulfate in basement membrane renal May 28, 2019, 10:48 PM HirotoShishido
which chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes are associated w/ horseshoe kidneyturner syndrome, trisomies 13,18,21 renalurology May 15, 2019, 1:58 AM HirotoShishido
paraneoplastic syndromes of RCCPEAR-aneoplastic
PTHrP(parathyroid hormone-related protein)→ ↑Ca (SCC of the lung)
☆Ectopicerythropoietin(EPO)→ polycythemia
(* RCC can also cause both anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia due to chronic hematuria)
Management of chronic kidney disease• diet
■ preventing HTN and volume overload
■ ☆low-protein diet
• Na+ restriction
■ preventing electrolyte imbalances
■ target of <2 g/d (5 g/d of salt)
• K+ restriction (40-60 mmol/d)
• PO43– restriction (1 g/d)
• avoid extra-dietary Mg2+ (e.g. antacids)
■ preventing uremia and potentially delaying decline in GFR
• protein restriction with adequate caloric intake (☆25-35kcal/kg day) in order to limit endogenous protein catabolism renal国試過去3年 Oct 17, 2020, 11:16 PM HirotoShishido
definition of chronic kidney disease①尿異常,画像診断,血液,病理で腎障害の存在が明らか.特に蛋白尿の存在が重要.
②糸球体濾過量(GFR:glomerular filtration rate)<60mL/分/1.73m2
①,②のいずれか,または両方が3ヵ月以上持続する.
pathophysiology of minimal change diseasewith disruption of ☆negatively charged heparan sulfate, negatively charged albumin is no longer repelled and protein is lost in the urine renal Dec 22, 2019, 3:43 AM HirotoShishido
the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African-Americans and Hispanicsfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) renal Dec 23, 2019, 7:28 AM HirotoShishido
treatment of electrolyte abnormality in aspirin overdose(respiratory alkalosis+anion gap metabolic acidosis)
medication which causes hyperventilation(stimulate respiratory center→ primary respiratory alkalosis)
salicylates(intermediate, high dose aspirin)
early respiratory alkalosis→ combined respiratory alkalosis and anion gap metabolic acidosis pharmacologyrenal Oct 21, 2019, 9:25 PM HirotoShishido
the most common cause of prenatal unilateral hydronephrosisinadequate canalization of the ureteroplelvic junction renalUWorld Jan 29, 2020, 8:02 PM HirotoShishido
the most common neurogenic cause of overflow incontinencediabetes mellitus(automatous bladder)
(pelvic nerve(sympathetic) is damaged) renalurology Jun 2, 2019, 1:59 AM HirotoShishido
the differece of electrolytes abnormality effects between Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics・different effects
loop→hypocalcemia(cannot be used for stones),ototoxicity
thiazide→hypercalcemia(can be used),hyperglycemia