etiology of septic abortion
pregnancy testabortion resulting in infected retained products of conception in the uterine cavity
☆staphylococcus aureus is a very common pathogen in septic abortion; other causative organisms include gram- negative bacilli and group B Streptococcus.
(★)A positive pregnancy test is common in patients with a septic abortion (even after dilation and curettage) due to retained products of conception OBGYinfectious diseaseUWorld step2CK May 17, 2020, 9:58 PM HirotoShishido
what should be given to pregnant mothers at risk of delivering prior to 34 weeks' gestation before delivery?corticosteroids
painful STIgenital herpes
chancroid
☆lymphogranuloma venereum(LGV)→ painful lymphadenopathy, painless genital ulcers(cased by C trachomatis L1-3)→treat with ceftriaxone
tend to be (★)very small (<6 mm) and disappear within a few days ⇔ syphilis
Meigs syndrome
symptomstriad of ovarian fibroma(sex cord stromal tumor), ascitis, hydrothorax reproductiveOBGY Dec 14, 2019, 3:36 AM HirotoShishido
medical abortionmifepristone (progesterone antagonist to make the uterus an uninhabitable/unsustainable environment for the fetus)
+ Misoprostol (prostaglandin E1 agonist) is taken 24–48 hours later; this drug causes uterine contraction and expulsion of the uterine contents OBGYreproductive Dec 10, 2019, 1:02 AM HirotoShishido
the treatment for pregnant women with DVT at less than 37 weeks gestationlow molecular weight heparin (LMWH), such as ☆enoxaparin, is preferred over unfractionated heparin pharmacologyOBGYhematology Dec 6, 2019, 8:52 PM HirotoShishido
imperforate hymen(処女膜閉鎖症)
an obstruction of the vaginal opening caused by incomplete degeneration of the fibrous tissue connecting the walls of the vagina causing menstrual blood to collect in the vagina and uterus (hematocolpos)=膣留血症 reproductiveOBGY Dec 4, 2019, 8:26 AM HirotoShishido
Listeria monocytogenes
transmission, infectioningestion of unpapteurized(pˈæstʃərὰɪz) dairy products and cold deli meats, transplacental, vaginal transmission
→ nausea, ★watery diarrhea, and muscle aches in pregnant woman → intrauterine fetal demise
amnionitis, ☆spontaneous abortion, granulomatosis infantiseptia(敗血性乳児肉芽腫症), neonatal+ ☆immunocompromised patient meningitis microbiologyOBGYUWorld step2CK Jun 8, 2019, 3:39 AM HirotoShishido
the reason why phenytoin trigger neural tube defectchronic phenytoin use changes PH in the gut into 10-12, which reduces folate uptake(optimal PH for folate is 5〜5.5) pharmacologyembryologyOBGY Apr 27, 2019, 12:33 AM HirotoShishido
①indications ②side effectsraloxifene
① osteoporosis in postmenopausal indivisuals, prevention of breast cancer
② hot flashes, ☆increased risk of venous thrombosis
the frequency of identical twinningidentical twinning 4/1000
fraternal twinning 10/1000 reproductiveOBGY Apr 6, 2019, 12:56 AM HirotoShishido
how the splitting timing affect the type of identical twinsDD→split occurs within 2,3days following the fertization
MD→3〜8days
DD→8〜13days reproductiveembryologyOBGY Apr 6, 2019, 12:40 AM HirotoShishido
