How long do water soluble vitamins stay in the body?all are washed out easily from body except for B12 and B9
B12 stored in liver for 3-4 years(depletion will take longer)
☆B9 stored in liver for 3-4 months
→★folate deficiency arises far more quickly biochemistryUWorldUWorld step2CK Jul 18, 2019, 2:27 AM HirotoShishido
benzodiazepines which has higher addictive potential☆short acting→ATOM CL(くる)
Alprazolam(intermediate 6-50hrs)
Triazolam(short<6hrs)
Oxazepam(intermediate)
Midazolam(short)
+clonazepam(intermediate), ☆lorazepam(intermediate)
alprazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is the most likely to result in ★seizures following abrupt discontinuation. Symptoms of withdrawal from benzodiazepines with short half-lives can appear as early as 24 hours after cessation and include seizures, tremors, anxiety, perceptual disturbances, and psychosis pharmacologyUWorldUWorld step2CK Jul 18, 2019, 1:56 AM HirotoShishido
Conn disease
treatmentaldosterone secreting adenoma of the adrenal cortex→hyperaldosteronism
potassium sparing diuretics
(eg ★eplerenone, spironolactone, amiloride)
eplerenone is a new aldosterone antagonist that has fewer side effects
carcinoid syndrome
symptoms, histopathologyCarcinoid syndrome does not occur if (carcinoid) tumor is limited to the GI tract(intestine, rectum, appendix→ can cause ☆acute appendicitis)
characterized by its uniformity in shape and size of the cells that comprise the islands, and the cells of eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval-to-round stippled nuclei endocrinologyUWorldUWorld step2CK Jun 26, 2019, 3:39 AM HirotoShishido
treatment for cluster, migrane, tension, trigeminal neuralgiacluster→ acute(abortive): SC sumatriptan, ★100% O2
prophylaxis(preventive): verapamil (Ca blocker)
