drug eluting stent☆Everolimus and its pharmacologic counterparts (eg, sirolimus, zotarolimus) are cytostatic drugs that inhibit mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin receptor), blocking the cell cycle between the G1 and S phase to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Coating the intracoronary stent surface with an antiproliferative agent such as everolimus creates a drug-eluting stent that helps ☆prevent neointimal hyperplasia and stent restenosis. cardiologypharmacologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 20, 2020, 9:37 PM HirotoShishido
congenital heart defect in the patient with congenital rubella syndrome(SRS)PDA>PS, VSD, ASD
下壁梗塞においては時に迷走神経トーヌスが過剰に亢進することがあり，Bezold―Jarisch reflexとして知られる。迷走神経が緊張すると消化管の蠕動運動は亢進し，高じれば悪心や嘔吐，下痢などの消化器症状を呈することとなる。実際には下壁梗塞の約半数に消化器症状が認められるとする報告もある。 cardiology卒試国試 Oct 20, 2020, 1:25 AM HirotoShishido
心房細動への抗凝固療法弁膜症性心房細動における抗凝固療法の適応はワルファリンのみである一方，非弁膜症性心房細動では，ワルファリン以外にも直接経口抗凝固薬〔（DOAC）直接トロンビン阻害薬：ダビガトラン，第Xa因子阻害薬：リバーロキサバン，アピキサバン，エドキサバン〕が適応となる cardiologyhematology国試過去3回 Oct 11, 2020, 11:43 PM HirotoShishido
the strongest risk factor for coronary heart diseasehighest→ ☆diabetes mellitus, noncoronary atherosclerotic disease, CKD
other major risk factors→ HTN, hyperlipidemia, smoking, ↑age, obesity, physical inactivity
Several studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest risk factors for coronary heart disease.
The risk of dying from coronary heart disease exceeds the risk of dying from any of the other listed causes, even in the absence of other major risk factors forcoronary heart disease. cardiologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 5:35 AM HirotoShishido
drugs which has been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunctionβ-blocker(Bisoprolol, ☆Carvedilol, Metoprolol (β-blockers Curb Mortality)),
ACE inhibitors, ARB, aldosterone antagonists cardiologypharmacologyUWorld Jul 2, 2020, 7:07 AM HirotoShishido
native valve endocarditisHACEK organisms
Haemophilus,
Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium,
Eikenella,
Kingella microbiologycardiology Jun 28, 2020, 3:05 AM HirotoShishido
the most important intervention to lower the risk of myocardial infarction☆smoking cessation
・cigarrete smoke generates free radicals that oxidaze LDL and accelerate atherosclerosis
・nicotine causes catecholamine release, resulting in α1 mediated vasoconstriction
・arteriolar wall damage induces endothelial cell dysfunction and consequently, prostacycline and nitric oxide production decrease cardiologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 21, 2020, 6:42 AM HirotoShishido
sinus hornright sinus horn→openings of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
