types of pericarditisfibrinous pericarditis
→ autoimmune disease(eg ☆SLE, RA), viral infection, uremia, MI
purulent pericarditis
→ active bacterial infection (eg S aureus, Streptococcus sepsis) in the pericardial space
hemorrhagic pericarditis (blood mixed with fibrinous exudate)
→ malignancy, TB, cardiac surgery cardiologyUWorld Jul 5, 2020, 2:57 AM HirotoShishido
drugs which has been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunctionβ-blocker(Bisoprolol, ☆Carvedilol, Metoprolol (β-blockers Curb Mortality)),
ACE inhibitors, ARB, aldosterone antagonists cardiologypharmacologyUWorld Jul 2, 2020, 10:07 AM HirotoShishido
native valve endocarditisHACEK organisms
Haemophilus,
Aggregatibacter [formerly Actinobacillus], Cardiobacterium,
Eikenella,
Kingella microbiologycardiology Jun 28, 2020, 6:05 AM HirotoShishido
Leriche syndromeThigh claudication is suggestive of occlusive disease of the ipsilateral external iliac artery or its more distal branches (ie, common femoral, superficial femoral, profunda femoris arteries).
Accompanying ☆★impotence and/or ☆gluteal claudication suggests ☆more proximal aortoiliac occlusion (so-called Leriche syndrome), which, in addition to affecting the external iliac artery, also diminishes blood flow to the internal pudendal and gluteal branches of the internal iliac artery. cardiologysurgeryUWorld step2CK Jun 27, 2020, 8:57 AM HirotoShishido
atheroembolic disease☆Invasive vascular procedures (eg,angiography, angioplasty, aortic surgery) can cause ☆cholesterol-containing debris from atherosclerotic plaques to become dislodged from large arteries (eg, the aorta during cardiac catheterization) and shower microemboli into the circulation.
Skin findings (eg, ☆livedo reticularis, blue toe syndrome) are the most common presenting signs.
kidney injury→ ☆needle-shaped clefts that partially or completely obstruct the arcuate or interlobular renal arteries. cardiologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 8:43 AM HirotoShishido
the strongest risk factor for coronary heart diseasehighest→ ☆diabetes mellitus, noncoronary atherosclerotic disease, CKD
other major risk factors→ HTN, hyperlipidemia, smoking, ↑age, obesity, physical inactivity
Several studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest risk factors for coronary heart disease.
The risk of dying from coronary heart disease exceeds the risk of dying from any of the other listed causes, even in the absence of other major risk factors forcoronary heart disease. cardiologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 8:35 AM HirotoShishido
histology of this“Pipestem” appearance on x-ray.
→
Monckeberg sclerosis
(Medial calcific sclerosis)
Calcification of internal elastic lamina and media of arteriesvascular stiffening without obstruction. Does not obstruct blood flow; intima not involved. cardiology Jun 27, 2020, 8:16 AM HirotoShishido
PictureLichtenberg figures= erythmatous cutaneous marks in a ☆fern-leaf pattern→ pathognomonic of lightning strike
Although lightning injuries are rare, they are associated with a 25% fatality rate, and more than 70% of survivors have long-lasting complications.
Two-thirds of lightning-related deaths occur within the first hour following injury; the most common causes are ☆fatal arrhythmias and respiratory failure cardiologydermatologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 7:25 AM HirotoShishido
holiday heart syndromeatrial fibrillation
Occasionally seen after binge drinking (“holiday heart syndrome”). Can lead to thromboembolic events, particularly stroke. cardiologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 6:01 AM HirotoShishido
what embryonic structures give rise to SVC/IVCRight common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein→ SVC
Posterior, subcardinal, and supracardinal veins→ IVC cardiologyembryology Jun 27, 2020, 5:12 AM HirotoShishido
