Löffler endocarditis(associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome),
Endocardial fibroelastosis(secondary variants are associated with various congenital heart conditions such as aortic stenosis, aortic atresia, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, etc.)
Most commonly occurs in the first 2 years of life.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypetension of the Newborn(PPHN)(Eisenmenger syndrome)
first line therapyinhaled nitric oxide (iNO)
used to dilate the pulmonary vasculature and promote blood flow through the lungs
pterygium colli deformity=webbed neck
→Turner syndrome
(juxtaductal coarctation, ☆bicuspid aortic valve, shield chest, lymphedema in feet or hands) reproductivecardiovascular HirotoShishido
where do embolized thrombus most likely originate in the patient with atrial fibrillationthe left atrial appendage is particularly vulnerable to losing contractile function cardiovascular HirotoShishido
difference between two picsthree leads which have thickend parts with them→ICD(implantable cardiovascular defibrillator)
two leads→pacemaker(right ventricle,atrium)
(some of them have third lead for left ventricle which pass through coronary sinus) cardiovascular HirotoShishido
temp pacemakertPM
Temporary cardiac pacing is an intervention that helps the heartbeat get back to a normal pace if it has been temporarily out of rhythm. In temporary cardiac pacing, wires are inserted through the chest (during heart surgery), or a large vein in the groin or neck, and are directly connected to the heart. cardiovascular HirotoShishido
which antiarrythmics increase the toxicity of digoxin?quinidine
will increase the level of effect of digoxin by basic drug competition for renal tubular clearance pharmacologycardiovascular HirotoShishido
very short acting antiarrythmic β blockeresmolol→ AF, AFL, SVT
can be administered to the patients with combined cardiac conditions (e.g. MI, CHF)
(esmolol trial)
if successful,the patient can be started on other β blockers cardiovascular HirotoShishido
clinical prediction rules for stroke in AFCHA2DS2 VAS score
fractional flow reserveFFR
is a guide wire-based procedure that can accurately measure blood pressure and flow through a specific part of the coronary artery. FFR is done through a standard diagnostic catheter at the time of a coronary angiogram.
(percentage of blockage is not very accurate) cardiovascularradiology HirotoShishido
two types of catheter ablationradiofrequency ablation
(heat the tissue)
clinical use/ adverse effects of hydralazineacute severe hypertension, HF (with organic nitrate)
safe to use during pregnancy
frequently coadministered with a β-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia
arteriolar variansodilation is limited by subsequent stimulation of baroreceptors
→
☆sympathetic activation
→
Compensatory tachycardia (contraindicated in angina/CAD), ☆fluid retention(by the stimulation of RAA axis), headache, angina, drug-induced lupus.
→
offset much of the BP lowering effect and limit their long term efficacy cardiovascularpharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
