epidermolysis bullosaEB simplex, is caused by mutations in keratin genes that ☆impair the assembly of keratin into filaments.
It presents in early in life with friction-induced blisters at the ☆palms and soles and other exposed areas.
Lesions typically heal with no residual scarring, although patients may have chronic thickening of the skin of the feet. Infants with EB simplex may develop ☆★oral blisters with bottle-feeding. dermatologyUWorldUWorld step2CK HirotoShishido
systemic mastocytosisclonal mast cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow, skin, and other organs→ Mast cell proliferation often is associated with mutations in the ☆KIT receptor tyrosine kinase.
Excessive histamine release from degranulation of mast cells mediates many of the symptoms of the disease, such as ☆syncope, flushing, hypotension, pruritus, and urticaria.
In addition, histamine induces ☆gastric acid secretion, which can lead to gastric ulceration. gastrointestinaldermatologyUWorld HirotoShishido
what causes blanching in the patient with burn☆Release of histamine and other preformed vasoactive mediators from mast cells in the minutes following a burn leads to dilation of superficial skin capillaries.
This results in blanching erythema (ie, temporary whitening with pressure due to capillary collapse) that extends to the area surrounding the initial burn.
causes of cutaneous vessel vasculitisOccurs 7-10 days after certain medications (☆penicillin, cephalosporins, phenytoin, allopurinol) or infections (eg, HCV, HIV)
clinical use/ mechanism of action of imiquimodmany common dermatologic disorders associated with abnormal cell proliferation, including ☆anogenital warts (human papillomavirus virus infection), superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis
activation of ☆toll-like receptor 7, which upregulates the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB)
→ enhanced immune-mediated killing of aberrant cells dermatologypharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
late stage radiation dermatitis(months to years, acute<90 days after radiotherapy)
fibrosis= ☆homogenization of dermal collagen, vascular damage→ chronic hypoxia and ulceration, ☆abnormal dilatied microvasculature(ie telangiectasias) dermatologyradiologyUWorld HirotoShishido
histopathologic findings of verruca valgaris・☆Epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis) with eosinophilic inclusions and keratohyaline granules
・Thickened stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis)
・Papilloma formation
・☆Perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization(koilocytosis) dermatologyUWorld HirotoShishido
Picturenummular eczema(貨幣状湿疹)
occurs in the setting of xerosis
use of harsh soaps and exposure to environmental irritants can exacerbate the condition
secondary to what contact allergen is the cause of allergic conact dermatitispoison ivy(☆unmaintained wooded area), poison oak, and poison sumac→ all produce urushiol
nickel, neomycin dermatologyimmunologyUWorld HirotoShishido
What predispose the patient to developing BRAF mutation, leading to malignant melanomaFormation of covalent bonds between adjacent pyrimidine bases
highly sensitive(>95%) and specific (-100%) marker for melanomaHMB-45(a monoclonal antibody that binds to immature melanosomes found in melanocytic tumors, Human Melanoma Black) dermatologyoncologyUWorld HirotoShishido
cells of origin to glomus tumormodified smooth muscle cells of the ☆thermoregulatory glomus body
(The role of the glomus body is to shunt blood away from the skin surface in cold temperatures in order to prevent heat loss, and to direct blood flow to the skin surface in hot environments to facilitate the dissipation of heat.) dermatologyUWorld HirotoShishido
common type of melanoma in Asians and Africansacral lentiginous(末端黒子型)
scleroderma
histopathological findings☆dermal layer expansion due to diffuse deposition of collagen (eosinophilic connective tissue), resulting in ☆atrophy of the intradermal adipose tissue and dermal appendages (ie, hairfollicles, glands). dermatologyrheumatologyUWorld HirotoShishido
sporothrix schenckii
transmissionspores are traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by ☆a thorn("rose gardener's disease") microbiologydermatologyUWorld HirotoShishido