easy bruising and hemarthrosis accompanied with Crohn disease☆bile acid malabsorption
→ fat malabsorption
→ vitamine K deficiency gastrointestinalhematologyUWorld Jul 9, 2020, 1:02 AM HirotoShishido
H pylori induced GDUantrum
→cause both ↓D cells(somatostatin) and ↓G cells
→overall gastrin production from stomach increases
→☆↑duodenal ulcer
body (corpus)
→ reduction in the number of parietal cells
→ acid prduction decreases (or normal)
→ associated with metaplasia and malignancies(eg gastric lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) gastrointestinalUWorld Jul 6, 2020, 11:54 PM HirotoShishido
acidic environment for lipaselipase is inactivated by the acidic environment of the stomach
→ PPI use ☆increases lipase activity , enhancing fat absorption in patients dependent on pancreatrc enzyme replacement therapy gastrointestinalpharmacologyUWorld Jul 5, 2020, 4:01 AM HirotoShishido
GI manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathygastroparesis, GERD, ☆diabetic diarrhea
Loss of autonomic input to the GI tract results in abnormal peristalsis, leading to ☆disordered small-bowel and colonic motility, which can result in rapid intestinal transport.
→painless, secretory-like diarrhea that persists with fasting(eg ☆nocturnal diarrhea)
Fecal incontinence is particularly common in patients with long-standing diabetes, resulting from both a large volume of watery diarrhea and decreased anorectal sensation. endocrinologygastrointestinalUWorld Jul 5, 2020, 2:15 AM HirotoShishido
anastomosis for gastrostomy, which bypass duodenumBillroth Ⅱ, Roux-en-Y
focal nodular hyperplasia(NFH)
common in female, age 20-50
regenerative reaction to hyperperfusion from anomalous arteries at center of nodule
☆lighter than normal liver tissue and lobulated with stellate scar from which ☆fibrous septate radiates to the periphery
helical CT scan (which evaluates the mass during different phases of vascular contrast) generally reveals a hyperdense lesion (ie, filled with contrast during hepatic arterial phase) and a ★central scar.
what does AST>ALT in nonalcoholic liver disease suggestsuggestive of progression to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis gastrointestinal Jul 1, 2020, 12:30 AM HirotoShishido
location of colorectal cancerrectosigmoid> ascending> decending
rectosigmoid→ hematochezia, obstruction, temesmus(painful straining on defecation), small-caliber stool
ascending→ large and bulky→ ☆iron deficiency anemia(bleeding is usually occult), weight loss gastrointestinalUWorld Jun 30, 2020, 11:55 PM HirotoShishido
malrotationAnomaly of midgut rotation(around ☆SMA) during fetal development in proper positioning of bowel (small bowel clumped on the right side), formation of fibrous bands (Ladd bands)→ cause duodenal obstruction→ ☆bilious emesis during the first day of life
