"genetics" Post in this tag
variable expressivity
examples
patients with the same genotype have varying phenotypes
(⇔pleiotropy= one gene contributes to multiple phenotypic effects eg PKU)
NF1(two patients have varying disease severity), cystic fibrosis
genetics
HirotoShishido
trisomy 18 physical findings
Edward synd (Election age)
PRINCE Edward
Prominet occipit→ ★celebellar hypoplasia, Rocker-bottom feet, Intellectual disability, Nondisjunction, Clenched fists with flexion contractures and ★overlapping fingers, low set Ears
★micrognathia(a small lower jaw), congenital heart disease, omphalocele, horseshoe kidneys
genetics
国試過去3回
HirotoShishido
cells in which telomere length is maintained by telomerase
cells with high turnover rate
→☆hematopoietic stem cells, epithelial
cells, lymphocytes
genetics
UWorld
HirotoShishido
early and late onset of Alzheimer's disease
eary→ associated with Amyloid precursor protein(APP) (on chromosome 21)
☆presenilin-1,2
late→ (1 or 2 copies of)Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 are at high risk
neurology
genetics
UWorld
HirotoShishido
allelic heterogeneity
locus heterogeneity
allelic→ different mutations at the same locus produce a similar phenotype
β-thalassemia
locus→ mutations at different loci can produce a similar phenotype
albinism
biochemistry
genetics
HirotoShishido
menopause in Turner syndrome
menopause before menarche
both copies of the X chromosome are required to prevent premature follicular atresia→☆premature follicular apoptosis
reproductive
genetics
HirotoShishido
picture
symptoms, biopsy
MELAS(one of the types of mitochondrial myopathy)
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke like episodes
ragged red fibers(due to accumulation of diseased mitochondria)
genetics
neurology
HirotoShishido
achondroplasia deformity
dwarfism
long bones→
rhizomeric(proximal) shortening
short carpals and metacarpals
trident hand
varus
flat bones→
large head
frontal bossing
flattened nasal bridge
narrow foramen magnum
spinal lordosis
musculoskeletal
genetics
HirotoShishido
neoplasm associated with BCL-2 overexpression
follicular and diffuse large B Cell Lymphoma
BCL→antiapoptotic molecule
Bcl-2 keeps the mitochondrial membrane impermeable, thereby preventing ☆cytochrome C release from mitochondria. Bcl-2 overexpression (eg, follicular lymphoma t[14;18])→↓caspase activation→tumorigenesis.
genetics
hematology
UWorld
HirotoShishido
ゲノムの構造
1.5% のエキソン 48Mb(4800万)
43%の散在反復配列(interspersed repeat, (SINE,LINE,DNA transposon, LTR retroelement))
genetics
HirotoShishido
生物の体内における遺伝子発現パターンの解析
reporter gene を用いる
標的遺伝子をレポーター遺伝子に置き換え(e.g.LacZ→β ガラクトシダーゼ→組織化学的試験)
調節配列の制御下にレポーター遺伝子が配置される
genetics
HirotoShishido
部分特異的変異導入の方法
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis
artificial gene synthesis
PCR site-directed mutagenesis
genetics
HirotoShishido
トランスジェニックによる遺伝子機能の割り当て
高活性のプロモーター配列を含んだ(タンパク質の確実な合成のため)クローニングベクターにtarget geneをcDNAとして挿入。
このmulticopy vectorをマウスに導入し、表現型を検索する。
genetics
HirotoShishido
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