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affinity of hemoglobin A and F to oxygen Fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) is synthesized primarily during fetal development (-8 weeks until term) and consists of the usual 2 alpha chains with 2 gamma chains in place of beta chains. The gamma chains do not bind effectively to 2,3-BPG due to replacement of a ☆histidine residue with serine.
hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

Picture Howell- Jolly bodies
(round, and bigger than pappenheimer)
Functional hyposplenia(eg sickle cell disease), asplenia
Basophilic nuclear remnants (do not contain iron)
Usually removed by splenic macrophages

Basophilic stippling (many)
Sideroblastic anemias, thalassemias
Basophilic ribosomal precipitates (do not contain iron)

Pappenheimer bodies
Sideroblastic anemia
Basophilic granules (contain iron)

Heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
Denatured and precipitated hemoglobin (contain iron)
hematology   HirotoShishido

characteristics of plasma cells ☆"Clock-face" chromatin distribution and eccentric nucleus(perinuclear paleness), abundant RER, and well-developed Golgi apparatus.

bone marrow sample with >10% plasma cells strongly suggest multiple myeloma (MM)
hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

fetal erythropoeiesis Yolk sac (3–8 weeks)
ƒ Liver (6 weeks–birth)
ƒ Spleen (10–28 weeks)
ƒ Bone marrow (18 weeks to adult)
hematology embryology   HirotoShishido

what makes bruise green ☆heme oxygenase degrades heme into biliverdin
gastrointestinal hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

Picture The reticulocyte is slightly larger (10 microns) than the mature erythrocyte. Reticulocytes appear basophilic, reticular(net-like) of ☆ribosomal RNA on the Wright-Giemsa-stained smear (A)


brilliant crystal blue, is used to stain reticulocytes (indicated by the arrows in Image B) for an actual count (B)
hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

myoglobin vs hemoglobin myoglobin→ monomeric protein, primary oxygen storing protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
p50= 2.8mmHg

hemoglobin→ tetramer cosisting of 2 α and 2 β chains
after binding to one oxygen molecule, the oxygen affinity of other heme molecules increase
p50= 26mmHg
hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

leukemoid reaction benign leukocytosis (>50,000/mm3) that occurs in response to an underlying condition such as severe infection/hemorrhage, solid tumors, or acute
hemolysis

The bone marrow can be normal or hypercellular and responds with
increased bands and ☆early mature neutrophilprecursors (eg, myelocytes),in
contrast to the increased immature cells (eg, promyelocytes, myeloblasts) seen in acute leukemia.

☆↑ALP(vs CML), peripheral smear can show Dohle bodies= ☆basophilic oval inclusions in mature neutrophi...
hematology UWorld   HirotoShishido

what condition cause hypoxic erythrocytosis SaO2<92% (PaO2<65%) can cause secondary polycythemia

(classified as absolute polycythemia= ☆increase in true RBC mass (51Cr-tagged red blood cell infusion))
hematology respiratory UWorld   HirotoShishido

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