pilocytic astrocytoma
region, histology, characteristics on imaging(Juvenile) pilocytic astrocytomas usually arise in the ☆cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamic region, or optic pathways.
Microscopically, pilocytic astrocytomas are well-differentiated neoplasms comprised of ☆spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with microcysts. These cells are mixed with ☆Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies.
craniopharyngioma
symptomsbitemporal hemianopia
deficiency of the anterior pituitary gland(☆growth hormone, thyroid hormone) neurologyneurosurgery Dec 31, 2019, 12:16 AM HirotoShishido
layers of scalpskin
connective tissue
(epicranial) aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
loose connective tissue
periosteum neurosurgery Dec 22, 2019, 2:07 AM HirotoShishido
main cerebellar fissuresprimary fissure
horizontal fissure
secondary fissure
posterolateral fissure neurosurgery Dec 22, 2019, 9:57 AM HirotoShishido
blood flow from superior saggital sinus to internal carotid veinsuperior saggital sinus→ superior anastomotic vein(Trolard vein)→ Sylvian vein→ cavernous sinus→ inferior petrosal sinus→ internal carotid vein neurologyneurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 7:24 AM HirotoShishido
When facial nucleus is affected at the level of lower-pons, what nucleus is likely to be affected too?abducens nucleus(CN Ⅵ) neurologyneurosurgery Jul 24, 2019, 12:28 AM HirotoShishido
trigeminal nucleus
homunculusonion-skin pattern
upper portion of nucleus→ innervate A region
lower portion of nucleus→ C region
trigeminal nucleimesencephalic nucleus→ reflex proprioception of the periodontium and of the muscles of mastication in the jaw
chief sensory nucleus(mid pons)→ sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw
spinal trigeminal nucleus(mid pons-C2)→ information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face neurologyneurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 2:10 AM HirotoShishido
damage to the brainstem→What does pyramidial tract sign suggest?the damage is located on the ventral side neurologyneurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:53 AM HirotoShishido
internal capsule
homunculusanterior→frontopontine, eye movement
genu→corticonuclear,corticospinal
posterior→arm,trunk,leg,optic and auditory radiation neurologyneurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:37 AM HirotoShishido
6 types of brain herniation
characteristicssupratentorial
①cingulate(subfalcine) herniation
anterior cerebral aretery is compressed
②central herniation
Duret hemorrhage(rupture of paramedian basilar artery branches)
③uncal herniation
ipsilateral CN Ⅲ compression, contralateral crus cerebri compression against Kernohan notch
④transcalvarial(external herniation, 経頭蓋冠ヘルニア)
infratentorial
⑤upward herniation
almost same as transtentrial herniation
⑥cerebellar tonsillar herniation
coma and death(brain stem compression) neurologyneurosurgery Jul 5, 2019, 5:13 AM HirotoShishido
sympathetic chain
location1st neuron hypothalamus→ Brown Sequard symdrome
2nd neuron lateral horn(T1) stellate ganglion→ Pancoast tumor
3rd neuron superior cervical ganglion(C2)→ carotid dissection neurologyneurosurgery Jul 18, 2019, 8:08 AM HirotoShishido
four parts of ICA(internal caroted artery)cerebral→ACA,MCA,AChA(ant. choroidal a)→pyramidal tract!!!→Monakow's syndrome, Pcom,OphA
cavernous
petrous
cervical neurologyneurosurgery Jul 17, 2019, 4:47 AM HirotoShishido
which bones joins together at pterion?
what can be caused due to the fracture at pterion?frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
