layers of scalpskin
connective tissue
(epicranial) aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
loose connective tissue
periosteum neurosurgery Dec 22, 2019, 2:07 AM HirotoShishido
damage to Meyer Loopcaused by a lesion in the right inferior temporal lobe, specifically the right fusiform gyrus (PCA region)
→contralateral upper homonymous quadrantanopia
¥the major cause of prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces)
→right ventral occipitotemporal cortex
(fusiform face area(FFA)) neurologyneurosurgeryAmboss level4 Dec 19, 2019, 12:34 AM HirotoShishido
When facial nucleus is affected at the level of lower-pons, what nucleus is likely to be affected too?abducens nucleus(CN Ⅵ) neurologyneurosurgery Jul 24, 2019, 12:28 AM HirotoShishido
blood flow from superior saggital sinus to internal carotid veinsuperior saggital sinus→ superior anastomotic vein(Trolard vein)→ Sylvian vein→ cavernous sinus→ inferior petrosal sinus→ internal carotid vein neurologyneurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 7:24 AM HirotoShishido
trigeminal nucleus
homunculusonion-skin pattern
upper portion of nucleus→ innervate A region
lower portion of nucleus→ C region
trigeminal nucleimesencephalic nucleus→ reflex proprioception of the periodontium and of the muscles of mastication in the jaw
chief sensory nucleus(mid pons)→ sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw
spinal trigeminal nucleus(mid pons-C2)→ information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face neurologyneurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 2:10 AM HirotoShishido
sympathetic chain
location1st neuron hypothalamus→ Brown Sequard symdrome
2nd neuron lateral horn(T1) stellate ganglion→ Pancoast tumor
3rd neuron superior cervical ganglion(C2)→ carotid dissection neurologyneurosurgery Jul 18, 2019, 8:08 AM HirotoShishido
four parts of ICA(internal caroted artery)cerebral→ACA,MCA,AChA(ant. choroidal a)→pyramidal tract!!!→Monakow's syndrome, Pcom,OphA
cavernous
petrous
cervical neurologyneurosurgery Jul 17, 2019, 4:47 AM HirotoShishido
sensory spinal tract
homunculusthe closer to the first neuron cell body the fibers are located, the upper parts of the body innervated by these fibers get
damage to the brainstem→What does pyramidial tract sign suggest?the damage is located on the ventral side neurologyneurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:53 AM HirotoShishido
internal capsule
homunculusanterior→frontopontine, eye movement
genu→corticonuclear,corticospinal
posterior→arm,trunk,leg,optic and auditory radiation neurologyneurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:37 AM HirotoShishido
6 types of brain herniation
characteristicssupratentorial
①cingulate(subfalcine) herniation
anterior cerebral aretery is compressed
②central herniation
Duret hemorrhage(rupture of paramedian basilar artery branches)
③uncal herniation
ipsilateral CN Ⅲ compression, contralateral crus cerebri compression against Kernohan notch
④transcalvarial(external herniation, 経頭蓋冠ヘルニア)
infratentorial
⑤upward herniation
almost same as transtentrial herniation
⑥cerebellar tonsillar herniation
coma and death(brain stem compression) neurologyneurosurgery Jul 5, 2019, 5:13 AM HirotoShishido