common ages for each testicular germ cell tumors+ markers(β-hCG can be positive in any types other than teratoma)
adult: seminoma(20〜60)→placental ALP, embryonal carcinoma→+-AFP, choriocarcinoma(20〜40)→++β-hCG, ☆symptoms of hyperthyroidism (α-subunit of hCG is identical to LH, (FH), TSH)
infant: teratoma(benign)(if in adult, malignant)→-β-hCG, yolk sac tumor→++AFP
(sex cord tumor→ stromal tumor: Sertoli cell, Leydig cell) reproductive Dec 14, 2018, 2:48 AM HirotoShishido
function of BRCAbreast cancer gene1,2
BRCA1 and BRCA2 in particular are involved in ☆repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.
Affected women have a 70%-80% lifetime risk for developing breast cancer. Moreover, their lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer is also increased by up to 40%, although the BRCA2 gene is less likely to lead to ovarian cancer. reproductiveUWorld May 13, 2019, 4:30 AM HirotoShishido
Kaufmann療法→第2度無月経(E,Sどちらもない)エストロゲンを月経周期5日目から10日間使用し、続いてエストロゲンとプロゲステロンを10日間使用することで消退出血を起こす。 OBGYreproductive卒試 Mar 8, 2019, 6:10 AM HirotoShishido
for what predilection does HPV have?stratified squamous epithelium
(eg. ☆true vocal cords, anal canal, vagina, cervix) reproductiveUWorld Jan 14, 2020, 5:26 AM HirotoShishido
vastectomy and viable spermpatient will have viable sperm in distal vas for 3 months and at least 20 ejaculations following vastectomy reproductiveurologyUWorld Mar 7, 2020, 10:30 PM HirotoShishido
FSH and inhibin in the patient with 1 testicle(Sertoli cells are present within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.)
In patients with 1 testicle, the mass of Sertoli cells is significantly reduced. Therefore, the circulating ☆levels of inhibin B are likely to be low in these patients. Low inhibin B levels will not provide adequate negative feedback on FSH secretion, thus ☆FSH levels will tend to be elevated in males who only have 1 testicle. reproductiveUWorld Feb 23, 2020, 11:16 PM HirotoShishido
FSH, LH
in Klinefelter syndromedysgenesis of seminiferous tubules→ ↓inhibin A→ ↑FSH
abnormal Lydig cell function→ ↓teststerone→ ↑LH(→ ↑estrogen) reproductive Jan 1, 2020, 3:57 AM HirotoShishido
age factor for malignant breast tumorsearly menarche(<12)
late menopause(>55)
delayed first pregnancy(>30)
menopause in Turner syndromemenopause before menarche
both copies of the X chromosome are required to prevent premature follicular atresia→☆premature follicular apoptosis reproductivegenetics Oct 18, 2019, 10:47 PM HirotoShishido
pterygium colli deformity=webbed neck
→Turner syndrome
(juxtaductal coarctation, ☆bicuspid aortic valve, shield chest, lymphedema in feet or hands) reproductivecardiovascular Oct 14, 2019, 12:00 AM HirotoShishido