risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladderSchistosoma haematobium(ビルハルツ住血吸虫)→cause chronic imflammation in bladder
chronic cystitis
kidney stone
am important characteristic of genitourinary schistosomiasis
=☆hematuria at the end of the voiding("terminal hematuria") microbiologyurologyUWorld HirotoShishido
typical symptoms of adenocarcinoma of bladdermucusuria and abdominal mass can indicate urachal adenocarcinoma renalurology HirotoShishido
inflammatory disease that can grossly mimic RCC (renal cell carcinoma)xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
→rare types of chronic pyelonephritis
grossly orange nodules that can mimic tumor nodules
黄色肉芽種性腎盂腎炎
associated with Proteus infection
renal oncocytoma can presents similarily with painless hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass renalurology HirotoShishido
PTHrP(parathyroid hormone-related protein)→ ↑Ca (SCC of the lung)
☆Ectopicerythropoietin(EPO)→ polycythemia
(* RCC can also cause both anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia due to chronic hematuria)
RCC blood vesselsinvade renal vein→if LEFT sided, may develop varicocele(精索静脈瘤)→IVC→hematogenous spread→metastasis to lung and bone urologyrenal HirotoShishido
