diagnosis confirmation for ankylosing spondylitis☆X-ray of the pelvis
→ inflammatory arthritis of the sacroiliac joints(sacroiliitis), visible as ☆joint erosions with subcortical sclerosis
morphologic characteristics of osteoporosisInitially following menopause,bone loss predominantly affects trabecular bone, especially in the dorsolumbar vertebral bodies.
Morphologic characteristics include ☆trabecular thinning and perforation with loss of interconnecting bridges. musculoskeletalUWorld Jun 15, 2020, 7:43 AM HirotoShishido
markers of osteoblastic activity☆alkaline phosphatase (non-specific)
Types of muscle fiberstype Ⅰ
Think “1 slow red ox”
Oxidative phosphorylation(OP) sustained contraction
☆myoglobin rich
☆mitochondria rich (OP location)
high content of lipids (fatty acids are primary energy source for OP)
differentials of back painDOORSSS
・Degenerative (osteoarthritis)
relieved with rest
・vertebral OsteOmyelitis
fever, night sweats, recent infection, IV drug abuse
・Radiculopathy (eg, disc herniation)
radiates to leg, positive straight-leg raising test
・Spinal stenosis
pain with standing (relieved by spinal flexion)
・Spondyloarthropathy
young men, HLA-B27, ☆relieved with excercise+☆warm shower
・Spinal metastasis
☆constant pain, ☆worse at night, not responsive to position change musculoskeletalclinical skillUWorld Jun 7, 2020, 2:58 AM HirotoShishido
fibrous flexor sheath
synovial sheaths of flexor tendons
transverse carpi ligament
flexor carpi ulnaris aponeurosis
palmar aponeurosisa longitudinal incision through the ☆transverse carpi ligament= flexor retinaculum decrease the pressure on the median nerve musculoskeletalUWorld Jun 3, 2020, 8:31 AM HirotoShishido
Picture
metastasisEwing sarcoma(diaphysis)
Sheets of uniform, small, round cells ☆separated by fibrous septae
what nerve accompanies brachial artery through the cubital fossa?only the ☆median nerve accompanies brachial artery through the cubital fossa into the proximal anterior forearm, where the brachial artery splits into the radial and ulnar arteries musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld Jun 1, 2020, 12:38 AM HirotoShishido
common affected region/ pathophysiology/ presentation/ management for ganglion cystmost commonly on the ☆dorsal wrist; other common sites include the volar wrist, digits, and feet
They are thought to be due to mucoid degeneration of periarticular tissue, leading to outpouching of the connective tissue. Mucinous fluid collects via a 1-way valve mechanism, possibly due to repetitive joint movements, resulting in slow growth of the cyst.
Painless, sooth, rubbery, round structure that overlies a joint or tendon & ☆transilluminates
risk factors/ pathophysiology/ symptoms of osteomalacia☆limited nutritional intake and minimal sunlight exposure are highly suggestive of osteomalacia
【rickets→ ☆Exclusive breastfeeding】
decreased mineralization of ☆osteoid
(impaired ☆osteoid production by osteoblasts→ osteogenesis imperfecta)
(diffuse) ☆Bone pain & tenderness
Muscle weakness & impaired gait
Fractures
【rickets→ ☆Frontal bossing,
Hypertrophy of costochondral joints ("rachitic rosary"),
Femoral & tibial bowing once weight-bearing】 musculoskeletalUWorld SIM1UWorld May 29, 2020, 2:36 AM HirotoShishido
what structure is most likely to be injured due to tibiofemoral dislocation☆Popliteal artery is tightly fixed in the popliteal fossa both proximally by the adductor magnus and distally by the soleus muscle, making it highly susceptible to injury in both anterior and posterior knee dislocations. musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld SIM1 May 25, 2020, 9:24 PM HirotoShishido
osteosarcoma
findings on x-rayCodman triangle (from ☆elevation of periosteum) or sunburst pattern on x-ray (think of an osteocod (bone fish) swimming in the sun).
common cause of myopathy・glucocorticoid induced myopathy
(glucocorticoid favors catabolism and proteolysis to provide subtrates for gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in the liver→ ☆increase liver enzymes)
progressive proximal muscle weakness without pain(-CK)
・polymyalgia rheumatica(-CK)
・inflammatory myopathy
・statin induced myopathy
・☆hypothyroid myopathy musculoskeletalrheumatologyUWorld May 24, 2020, 12:26 AM HirotoShishido
pure motor symptoms of radial nerve injuryinjury to the deep branch of the radial nerve at the supinator muscle can be due to ☆repetitive pronation/spination of the forearm
involved: posterior interosseous nerve→ weakness on finger and thumb extension
not involved: extensor carpi radialis longus(responsible for wrist extension), superficial branch of radial nerve(cutaneous sensory branch) musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld May 21, 2020, 1:41 AM HirotoShishido
arm abduction煤であったソルト
0-15 Supraspinatus→ Suprascapular
(tested by ☆empty can test)
