the first manifestation caused by cavernous carotid aneurysmCNⅥ
→ initially cause diplopia as CNⅥ runs next to the ICA neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jul 7, 2020, 4:19 AM HirotoShishido
towards affected side vs unaffected sideaffected side
CNⅤ(jaw deviates), CNⅫ(tongue deviates)
lesion above midbrain
decorticate and decerebrate posturingDecorticate (flexor) posturing—lesion above red nucleus, presents with flexion of upper extremities and extension of lower extremities
Decerebrate (extensor) posturing—lesion at or below red nucleus(eg. midbrain tegmentum, pons), presents with extension of upper and lower extremities neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jun 13, 2020, 2:33 AM HirotoShishido
onset of complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)・vasospasm occurs in approx. 30% of patients with SAH 3–10 days(especially 7,8 days) after SAH
・recurrent bleeding occurs in 4–14% of patients with SAH in the first 24 hours (especially in the first 2–12 hours after SAH)
・Hydrocephalus
Occurs in 20–30% of patients with SAH
①Acute obstructive hydrocephalus
Usually occurs within minutes to hours after SAH
② Chronic communicating hydrocephalus
Usually occurs weeks or months after SAH neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jun 12, 2020, 12:17 AM HirotoShishido
which structure is targeted at by high-frequency deep brain stimulation(DBS) for medically intractable symptoms of Parkinson disease?globus pallidus internus or subthalamic nucleus
(stimulation of ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus may lessen excessive movements of essential tremor) neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld May 31, 2020, 5:51 AM HirotoShishido
pilocytic astrocytoma
region, histology, characteristics on imaging(Juvenile) pilocytic astrocytomas usually arise in the ☆cerebellum, brainstem, hypothalamic region, or optic pathways.
Microscopically, pilocytic astrocytomas are well-differentiated neoplasms comprised of ☆spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with microcysts. These cells are mixed with ☆Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies.
