treatment and prevention for Rh hemolytic disease of the newbornexchanging the Rh-positive blood with Rh-negative blood
prevention→administration of anti-D IgG to Rh negative pregnant woman during third trimester and eary postpartum period immunologyhematologyobstetrics Sep 25, 2019, 10:46 PM HirotoShishido
what disease is associated with anti-centromere antibodyNinety-six percent of patients with detected anticentromere antibody in the serum have CREST syndrome.
IL-1 fever(HOT)
IL-2 stimulates T cells
IL-3 stimulates BONE marrow
IL-4 stimulates IgE production
IL-5 stimulates IgA production
☆stimulates growth and differentiation
of eosinophils
induce mast cell degranulation by activating of protein kinase A and PI3 kinase
Because red man syndrome(RMS) is not IgE mediated,it is not a true allergic reaction, so vancomycin infusion can be resumed at a slower rate once symptoms resolve. immunologypharmacologyUWorld Apr 20, 2020, 2:41 AM HirotoShishido
monoclonal antibody against EGFR
clinical indicationonly effective for tumors with ☆wild-type (normal) KRAS
muromomabused to prevent organ transplant rejection
It binds to CD3 receptors on T cells to trigger apoptosis, reducing T-lymphocyte count and IL-2 activity.
There is no direct effect on B lymphocytes, but B lymphocyte activity decreased due to the reduced activation by T lymphocyte. immunologypharmacology Apr 25, 2020, 6:23 AM HirotoShishido
early and late phase type Ⅰ hypersensitivityearly(immediate) →histamine, leukotriens→ vasodilation→ wheal and flare that can progress to a more systemic response(anaphylaxis)
late(hours)→ eosinophili→ ☆major basic protein→ tissue damage→ palpable, indurated lesion immunologyUWorld May 1, 2020, 3:45 AM HirotoShishido
Where can M. tuberculosis be seen within macrophages in lymph node biopsyThe medullary sinuses are vessel-like spaces between the cords of lymphatic tissue that are located in the medulla of a lymph node. The medullary sinus is filled with macrophages and reticular cells. Histiocytes, a form of macrophage in the medulla, span a network of pseudopods that filter the sinuses of incoming pathogens.
candida infection
in immunodeficiency↓granulocytes→ disseminated candidiasis
※pattern recognition receptors(eg dectin-1) on phagocytic cells allow for the destruction of fungi by the innate immune system
what molecular findings suggest malignancy in the patient with lymphoma☆monoclonal T-cell receptor(TCR) gene rearrangements
The clonality of a T-cell population
can be assesed by molecular methods such as PCR. If a single allele for the V region of the TCR predominates in a lymphocytlc population, monoclonal proliferation is suspected. hematologyimmunologyUWorld Jun 7, 2020, 1:42 AM HirotoShishido
major role of superoxide dismutaseprevent the damaging effects of superoxide produced by aerobic respiration in the mitochondria immunologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 21, 2020, 4:18 AM HirotoShishido
what environmental organisms cause opportunic infection in the patients with advanced AIDSenvironmental pathogens such as histoplasma(in bird droppings), mycobacterium avium(in water), and cryptococcus(in soil contaminated with bird droppings) often cause opportunistic infection immunologymicrobiology May 12, 2020, 11:07 PM HirotoShishido
mechanism of cancer cells evading apoptosisdevelopment of the ability to ☆splice out a particucar exon that codes for the transmembrane domain of the Fas receptor(FasR) converting it to a soluble form that is not expressed on the cell surface, which allows the cells to evade apoptosis
Fas mutation also ☆increase the number of circulating self-reacting lymphocytes due to failure of clonal deletion pathologyimmunologyUWorld May 21, 2020, 1:23 AM HirotoShishido
passive immunity
indicationTo Be Healed Very Rapidly before Dying
after exposure to Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin, HBV, Varicella, Rabies virus, ☆diphtheria toxin, unvaccinated patients are given preformed antibodies microbiologyimmunologyUWorld Dec 18, 2019, 11:23 PM HirotoShishido
