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layers of scalp skin
connective tissue
(epicranial) aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
loose connective tissue
periosteum
neurosurgery Dec 22, 2019, 2:07 AM   HirotoShishido

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Picture CN Ⅴ
nurology neurosurgery Dec 23, 2019, 11:39 PM   HirotoShishido

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main cerebellar fissures primary fissure
horizontal fissure
secondary fissure
posterolateral fissure
neurosurgery Dec 22, 2019, 9:57 AM   HirotoShishido

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blood flow from superior saggital sinus to internal carotid vein superior saggital sinus→ superior anastomotic vein(Trolard vein)→ Sylvian vein→ cavernous sinus→ inferior petrosal sinus→ internal carotid vein
neurology neurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 7:24 AM   HirotoShishido

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When facial nucleus is affected at the level of lower-pons, what nucleus is likely to be affected too? abducens nucleus(CN Ⅵ)
neurology neurosurgery Jul 24, 2019, 12:28 AM   HirotoShishido

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trigeminal nucleus
homunculus onion-skin pattern

upper portion of nucleus→ innervate A region
lower portion of nucleus→ C region

lateral→ V1 (ophthalmic) region
medial→ V3 (mandibular) region
neurology neurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 2:14 AM   HirotoShishido

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trigeminal nuclei mesencephalic nucleus→ reflex proprioception of the periodontium and of the muscles of mastication in the jaw

chief sensory nucleus(mid pons)→ sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw

spinal trigeminal nucleus(mid pons-C2)→ information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face
neurology neurosurgery Jul 23, 2019, 2:10 AM   HirotoShishido

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damage to the brainstem→What does pyramidial tract sign suggest? the damage is located on the ventral side
neurology neurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:53 AM   HirotoShishido

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where dorsal colum cross over to the other side at mid medulla
neurology neurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:49 AM   HirotoShishido

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internal capsule
homunculus anterior→frontopontine, eye movement
genu→corticonuclear,corticospinal
posterior→arm,trunk,leg,optic and auditory radiation
neurology neurosurgery Jul 12, 2019, 3:37 AM   HirotoShishido

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sympathetic chain
location 1st neuron hypothalamus→ Brown Sequard symdrome
2nd neuron lateral horn(T1) stellate ganglion→ Pancoast tumor
3rd neuron superior cervical ganglion(C2)→ carotid dissection
neurology neurosurgery Jul 18, 2019, 8:08 AM   HirotoShishido

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four parts of ICA(internal caroted artery) cerebral→ACA,MCA,AChA(ant. choroidal a)→pyramidal tract!!!→Monakow's syndrome, Pcom,OphA
cavernous
petrous
cervical
neurology neurosurgery Jul 17, 2019, 4:47 AM   HirotoShishido

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which bones joins together at pterion?
what can be caused due to the fracture at pterion? frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

epidural hematoma(caused by the laceration of middle meningeal artery)(→can cause Cushing reflex)
neurosurgery neurology UWorld Apr 20, 2020, 5:14 AM   HirotoShishido

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which structure is targeted at by high-frequency deep brain stimulation(DBS) for medically intractable symptoms of Parkinson disease? globus pallidus internus or subthalamic nucleus

(stimulation of ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus may lessen excessive movements of essential tremor)
neurology neurosurgery UWorld May 31, 2020, 8:51 AM   HirotoShishido

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field defect associated with Wernicke aphasia/ ICA aneurysm Wernicke→ right upper quadrantanopia

ICA aneurysm→ affect uncrossed optic nerve fibers→ ipsilateral nasal hemianopia
neurology neurosurgery Jul 6, 2020, 5:45 AM   HirotoShishido

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