3 urinary incontinencestress incontinence 腹圧性失禁
urgency incontinence 切迫性失禁
(mixed incontinence stress and urgency are mixed 混合性失禁)
overflow incontinence 溢流性失禁 urology May 11, 2019, 3:39 AM HirotoShishido
which chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes are associated w/ horseshoe kidneyturner syndrome, trisomies 13,18,21 renalurology May 15, 2019, 4:58 AM HirotoShishido
paraneoplastic syndromes of RCCPEAR-aneoplastic
PTHrP(parathyroid hormone-related protein)→ ↑Ca (SCC of the lung)
☆Ectopicerythropoietin(EPO)→ polycythemia
(* RCC can also cause both anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia due to chronic hematuria)
risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladderSchistosoma haematobium(ビルハルツ住血吸虫)→cause chronic imflammation in bladder
chronic cystitis
kidney stone
am important characteristic of genitourinary schistosomiasis
=☆hematuria at the end of the voiding("terminal hematuria") microbiologyurologyUWorld May 13, 2019, 6:32 AM HirotoShishido
penile fracture陰茎折症
① 性交中など陰茎の勃起時に強力な外力が加わって，☆陰茎海綿体白膜が断裂したもの．陰茎海綿体に損傷が及ぶこともある．
② 受傷時には断裂音を伴い，激痛が生じる．血腫のため対側に屈曲する．
③ 治療は，血腫除去と白膜断裂部の縫合を速やかに行う． urologysurgery国試過去3回 Oct 12, 2020, 3:00 AM HirotoShishido
定期的なPSA値の測定と，前立腺生検で無治療にて慎重に経過を観察し，病状の進行を認めた場合に積極的治療（放射線治療，手術）に移行する．現在は，PSA値の変化のみで経過をみるわけではないことから，「監視療法」とよぶ． urology国試直前 Oct 28, 2020, 8:31 AM HirotoShishido
renal pelvic, ureteral cancer 好発部位、診断、治療、予後尿管癌は尿管の下1/3に好発し，再発が多いのが特徴である
vastectomy and viable spermpatient will have viable sperm in distal vas for 3 months and at least 20 ejaculations following vastectomy reproductiveurologyUWorld Mar 8, 2020, 1:30 AM HirotoShishido
cystinuria
pathophysiologya defect in amino acid reabsorption in the ☆proximal tubule that leads to defective reabsorption of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine(COLA)
the most common neurogenic cause of overflow incontinencediabetes mellitus(automatous bladder)
(pelvic nerve(sympathetic) is damaged) renalurology Jun 2, 2019, 4:59 AM HirotoShishido
radiolucent kidney stoneradiolUcent(放射線透過性)
→Uric acid (5% of kidney stones)
(however, can be seen on noncontrast CT) urologyrenal May 31, 2019, 7:25 AM HirotoShishido
center of urinationpontine strage center→stops micturation reflex
pontine micturation center(PMC)→allows micturation reflex
micturation center(S2,3)→micturation reflex(contraction of bladder,relaxation of sphincters) urology May 24, 2019, 12:01 PM HirotoShishido
