what componets of glomerular filtration barrier does contribute to charge barrierheparan sulfate in basement membrane renal HirotoShishido
which chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes are associated w/ horseshoe kidneyturner syndrome, trisomies 13,18,21 renalurology HirotoShishido
paraneoplastic syndromes of RCCPEAR-aneoplastic
PTHrP(parathyroid hormone-related protein)→ ↑Ca (SCC of the lung)
☆Ectopicerythropoietin(EPO)→ polycythemia
(* RCC can also cause both anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia due to chronic hematuria)
pathophysiology of minimal change diseasewith disruption of ☆negatively charged heparan sulfate, negatively charged albumin is no longer repelled and protein is lost in the urine renal HirotoShishido
the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African-Americans and Hispanicsfocal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) renal HirotoShishido
treatment of electrolyte abnormality in aspirin overdose(respiratory alkalosis+anion gap metabolic acidosis)
the most common neurogenic cause of overflow incontinencediabetes mellitus(automatous bladder)
(pelvic nerve(sympathetic) is damaged) renalurology HirotoShishido
the differece of electrolytes abnormality effects between Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics・different effects
loop→hypocalcemia(cannot be used for stones),ototoxicity
thiazide→hypercalcemia(can be used),hyperglycemia
