isoniazid adverse effectsINH
Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
+lupus, sideroblastic anemia
peripheral polyneuropathy is caused by ¥an accumulation of S adenosylmethionine (SAM)
SAM has neurotoxic effects because it inhibits the synthesis of sphingolipids and myelin microbiologypharmacologyAmboss level4 HirotoShishido
drug eluting stent☆Everolimus and its pharmacologic counterparts (eg, sirolimus, zotarolimus) are cytostatic drugs that inhibit mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin receptor), blocking the cell cycle between the G1 and S phase to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Coating the intracoronary stent surface with an antiproliferative agent such as everolimus creates a drug-eluting stent that helps ☆prevent neointimal hyperplasia and stent restenosis. cardiologypharmacologyUWorld SIM2 HirotoShishido
asthma medication which inhibit PDE
adverse effecttheophyline
narrow therapeutic index→careful about neurotoxicity(seizure国試にも出てる),cardiotoxicity pharmacologyrespiratory HirotoShishido
drugs which has been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunctionβ-blocker(Bisoprolol, ☆Carvedilol, Metoprolol (β-blockers Curb Mortality)),
ACE inhibitors, ARB, aldosterone antagonists cardiologypharmacologyUWorld HirotoShishido
dose and duration dependent ☆rise in BUN and creatinin levels due to renal arteriolar (both afferent and efferent) vasoconstriction (☆★obliterative vasculopathy) which can lead to systemic hypertension pharmacologyUWorld SIM2UWorld step2CK HirotoShishido
triggers associated w/ lupusgenetic susceptibility,UV radiation,cigarette smoking,bacteria or virus,estrogen,medications("DILE" sulfa drugs, ★hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, phenytoin, and etanercept (SHIMMPP-E))
these medications are ☆metabolized via phase Ⅱ acetylation in the liver
sacubitril
mechanisminhibit neprilysin
can be used in combination with valsartan
(Sacubitril is found to decrease mortality and morbidity of patients with chronic heart failure with decreased ejection fraction) pharmacologycardiovascular HirotoShishido
the difference of mechanism between paclitaxel and vinca alkaloidspaclitaxel(TAXanes)→ ☆hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase so that mitotic spindle cannot break down(anaphase cannot occur)
(TAX STABILIZE the society)
The diagnosis can be confirmed with serologic testing for B henselae. Although generally self-limited, empiric antibiotic therapy with ☆azithromycin may prevent dissemination of infection to the liver, spleen, or nervous system.
systematic approach to stepping up medications for asthmaSABA(short acting albuterol inhaler), then low-dose ICS(inhaled corticosteroids), then moderate-dose ICS, then high-dose ICS, then LABA(long), and lastly oral corticosteroids.
