fractional flow reserveFFR
is a guide wire-based procedure that can accurately measure blood pressure and flow through a specific part of the coronary artery. FFR is done through a standard diagnostic catheter at the time of a coronary angiogram.
(percentage of blockage is not very accurate) cardiovascularradiology HirotoShishido
which antiarrythmics increase the toxicity of digoxin?quinidine
will increase the level of effect of digoxin by basic drug competition for renal tubular clearance pharmacologycardiovascular HirotoShishido
temp pacemakertPM
Temporary cardiac pacing is an intervention that helps the heartbeat get back to a normal pace if it has been temporarily out of rhythm. In temporary cardiac pacing, wires are inserted through the chest (during heart surgery), or a large vein in the groin or neck, and are directly connected to the heart. cardiovascular HirotoShishido
difference between two picsthree leads which have thickend parts with them→ICD(implantable cardiovascular defibrillator)
two leads→pacemaker(right ventricle,atrium)
(some of them have third lead for left ventricle which pass through coronary sinus) cardiovascular HirotoShishido
very short acting antiarrythmic β blockeresmolol→ AF, AFL, SVT
can be administered to the patients with combined cardiac conditions (e.g. MI, CHF)
(esmolol trial)
if successful,the patient can be started on other β blockers cardiovascular HirotoShishido
if get back to sinus→PSVT
if F wave still can be seen→AFL(2:1)
the pic below shows AFL
(sinus tachycardia can easily be distinguished from other two) cardiovascular HirotoShishido
Monday diseasedue to prolonged nitrate exposure
symptoms develop on Monday with re-exposure, due to loss of tolerance. The most severe consequence occurs when compensatory vasoconstriction is unopposed in critical areas such as the coronary vessels, leading to nonatherosclerotic-related cardiac ischemia cardiovascularpharmacology HirotoShishido
