Another example of this is “find out” and “know”.
First, we FIND OUT some information, and then we KNOW it.
So when we talk about the first moment that we learn some information, we must use “find out”, but we can’t use “know” until afterwards.For example:
I found out about the terrorist attack when I watched the news report on TV. I was so shocked!
I knew about the terrorist attack before I watched the news because my friend had told me about it before. Jul 7, 2020, 12:35 PM HiromitsuMizuo
diagnosis of selective mutismonset before age 5
lasting ≥ 1 month involving refraining from speech in certain situations despite speaking in other, usually more comfortable situations
other psychiatric disorder whose diagnostic criteria requires at least 1 month duration
→ separation anxiety disorder, ☆panic disorder, schizoaffective disorder(<6months), delusional disorder psychiatry Jul 7, 2020, 8:23 AM HirotoShishido
the first manifestation caused by cavernous carotid aneurysmCNⅥ
→ initially cause diplopia as CNⅥ runs next to the ICA neurologyneurosurgeryUWorld Jul 7, 2020, 7:19 AM HirotoShishido
towards affected side vs unaffected sideaffected side
CNⅤ(jaw deviates), CNⅫ(tongue deviates)
lesion above midbrain
Pictureleft: "blood and thunder appearance"
→ retinal vein occlusion
right: macular star (exudate, red arrow), cotton-wool spots (blue arrow)
Retinal damage due to chronic uncontrolled HTN. Presence of papilledema requires immediate lowering of BP. ophthalmology Jul 7, 2020, 5:50 AM HirotoShishido
closed angle glaucoma vs migrane with auraclosed angle glaucoma
→ typically older (> 60yo),
severe pain and conjunctival erythema are common, and vision would not be expected to improve without intervention
histology of frontotemporal dementiafrontotemporal lobe degeneration
Inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau (round Pick bodies G ) or ubiquitinated TDP-43.
H pylori induced GDUantrum
→cause both ↓D cells(somatostatin) and ↓G cells
→overall gastrin production from stomach increases
→☆↑duodenal ulcer
body (corpus)
→ reduction in the number of parietal cells
→ acid prduction decreases (or normal)
→ associated with metaplasia and malignancies(eg gastric lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) gastrointestinalUWorld Jul 7, 2020, 2:54 AM HirotoShishido
field defect associated with Wernicke aphasia/ ICA aneurysmWernicke→ right upper quadrantanopia
what dirupt the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and increase permeability
of medicationshyperosmolar agents (eg mannitol) neurologypharmacology Jul 6, 2020, 3:57 AM HirotoShishido
origins of meningesDura mater— Derived from mesoderm.
Arachnoid mater— Derived from neural
crest.
