cause of dextrocardiaDefect in left-right Dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry) can lead to Dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener syndrome (1° ciliary Dyskinesia). cardiology Jun 27, 2020, 4:55 AM HirotoShishido
pharmacologic stress testinguseful in diagnosing atherosclerotic CAD(coronary artery disease)
☆Dobutamine, a beta-1 agonist, increases heart rate and contractility to mimic the increase in myocardial oxygen demand that occurs with exercise. Myocardium that is unable to obtain sufficient blood flow to meet the increased oxygen demand typically demonstrates a ☆transient decrease in contractility . cardiologypharmacologyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 1:23 AM HirotoShishido
areas particulary susceptible to neuropathic ulcersare points of localized pressure created by a shoe or weight-bearing bones of the foot (eg, ☆plantar surface of the first metatarsal head)
A wound in this area often goes unnoticed (due to lack of pain sensation and being hidden by socks orshoes) and can develop into a nonhealing foot ulcer. cardiologyendocrinologyUWorld Jun 25, 2020, 9:45 PM HirotoShishido
contraindicated
vasodilators
・dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker(
・nitrates(isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin)
+diuretics cardiologypharmacologyUWorld Jun 24, 2020, 2:42 AM HirotoShishido
the most important intervention to lower the risk of myocardial infarction☆smoking cessation
・cigarrete smoke generates free radicals that oxidaze LDL and accelerate atherosclerosis
・nicotine causes catecholamine release, resulting in α1 mediated vasoconstriction
・arteriolar wall damage induces endothelial cell dysfunction and consequently, prostacycline and nitric oxide production decrease cardiologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 21, 2020, 9:42 AM HirotoShishido
drug eluting stent☆Everolimus and its pharmacologic counterparts (eg, sirolimus, zotarolimus) are cytostatic drugs that inhibit mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin receptor), blocking the cell cycle between the G1 and S phase to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Coating the intracoronary stent surface with an antiproliferative agent such as everolimus creates a drug-eluting stent that helps ☆prevent neointimal hyperplasia and stent restenosis. cardiologypharmacologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 21, 2020, 12:37 AM HirotoShishido
the diffrence of parameters between cardiogenic and obstructive shockonly PCWP(left sided preload)
cardiogenic→ increase
obstructive→ decrease
heart murmurs occurs with the patients with bacterial endocarditisholosystolic murmur
caused by mitral regurgitation/tricuspid regurgitation cardiologyUWorld SIM2 Jun 19, 2020, 10:11 PM HirotoShishido
histological findings of cardiac myxomasnumerous ☆bland stellite cells in a background of myxoid ground substances
