how is fatty acid degradation regulatedmalonyl CoA inhibits carnithine acyltransferase,
preventing the transfer of acyl groups into the mitochondria biochemistryUWorld Feb 1, 2020, 5:39 AM HirotoShishido
infertility in cystic fibrosisimproper development of the ☆mesonephric (Wolffian) duct system, which most often leads to a defective vas deferens biochemistry Dec 31, 2019, 10:32 AM HirotoShishido
the most abundant form of RNA in the human bodyribosomal RNA
(constituting about 80% of all RNAs) biochemistrybiology Dec 30, 2019, 5:05 AM HirotoShishido
cystinuria
pathophysiologya defect in amino acid reabsorption in the ☆proximal tubule that leads to defective reabsorption of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine(COLA)
function of NADPH☆anabolic processes(eg steroid and fatty acid synthesis)
respiratory burst
cytochrome P-450 system
glutathione reductase
aldose reductase(glucose→ sorbitol) biochemistry Dec 25, 2019, 12:18 AM HirotoShishido
for which enzyme does thiamine(vB1)/biotin(vB3) serves as a cofactor?vB1
①α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
②Transketolase
(thiamine deficiency can be diagnosed if ☆baseline erythrocyte transketolase activity is low but increase after addition of thimine pyrophosphate)(HMP shunt→glycolysis/gluconeogenesis)
③Pyruvate dehydrogenase (to acetyl CoA)
vB3
①pyruvate carboxylase (to oxaloacetate)
②malonyl CoA carboxylase
③propionyl CoA carboxylase biochemistryUWorld Dec 23, 2019, 10:26 PM HirotoShishido
molecular motor proteinsDynein→ REtrograde(Negative and Near Nucleust(e.g. latency in sensory ganglia established by HSV)
Kinesin→ Antrograde(Positive and Points Periphery)(e.g. reactivation of HSV)
what enzyme for gluconeogenesis is activated by acetyl-CoA?pyruvate carboxylase(produce oxaloacetate from pyruvate) biochemistry Dec 20, 2019, 3:00 AM HirotoShishido
dopamin β-hydroxylase deficiency
symptomsdysfunctional autonomic system
the difference between ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and orotic aciduriaincreased orotic acid in urine and blood for both
OTC→XR, hyperammonemia, no megaloblastic anemia
treatment→ ☆protein restriction(for urea cycle disorders)
orotic aciduria→AR, no hyperammonemia, megaloblastic anemia
treatment: UMP, uridine triacetate biochemistryUWorld Dec 14, 2019, 4:44 AM HirotoShishido
・Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency(N5-methyl THF to THF)(treatment:folate in diet)→ the most common cause biochemistryUWorldAmboss level4 Dec 8, 2019, 6:21 AM HirotoShishido
complication and findings of hyper chylomicronemiapancreatitis
excess in fatty particles are sometimes visible by naked eye
→milky white discoloration to the plasma endocrinologybiochemistry Dec 8, 2019, 5:44 AM HirotoShishido
from what amino acid is thyroid hormone made?Phenylalanine is a precursor to tyrosine, and tyrosine residues are needed to create thyroid hormone biochemistryendocrinology Dec 6, 2019, 11:56 PM HirotoShishido
which site of tRNA is amino acid bound to?Amino acids are covalently bound to the 3′ CCA of tRNA molecules.
(This reaction is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.)
