nonselective α blocker
drugs,clinical usephenoxybenzamine(for pheochromocytoma to prevent hypertensive crisis caused by β blocker, A before B)→irreversible
the difference of skin or hair manifestation between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidismhypo→dry,cool skin・coarse,brittle hair
hyper→moist,warm skin・fine hair endocrinology HirotoShishido
hormones associated with intracellular receptorsteroids hormones(aldosterone, cortisol,gonadotropin),
vitamin D (cholecalciferol,ergocalciferol,calcitriol)
thyroid hormone endocrinology HirotoShishido
DKA symptomsDKA is Deadly (FRUITY)
Delirium, Kussmaul respirations,Abdominal pain(vomiting),Dehydration,Fruity breath odor(due to exhaled acetone) endocrinology HirotoShishido
Whipple triad
low blood glucose(=<50mg/dL)
symptoms of hypoglycemia(syncope)
resolution after normalization of glucose levels endocrinology HirotoShishido
adrenocortical insufficiency
skin lesionskin (and mucosal) hyperpigmentation (due to ↑MSH, a byproduct of ACTH production from proopiomelanocortin) endocrinology HirotoShishido
two antibodies associated with Hashimoto thyroiditisantithyroid peroxidase(antimicrosomal) (TPO)
small cell carcinoma
hormone productionACTH→Cushing syndrome
ADH→SIADH
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channel→Ach release is affected→weakness on the lower extremities(Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome) endocrinologyrespiratoryneurology HirotoShishido
metformin
mechanism,adverse effects(biguanides)
inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis (especially from lactate to glucose)+↓insulin resistance=☆↑peripheral glucose uptake,↓intestinal glucose uptake
lactate accumulation→lactic acidosis
B12 deficiency
use with caution in renal insufficiency
weight loss(desired)
