Klebsiella pneumoniaCommunity-acquired pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, often affects patients who are malnourished and debilitated, including individuals with a history of ☆chronic alcoholism
systematic approach to stepping up medications for asthmaSABA(short acting albuterol inhaler), then low-dose ICS(inhaled corticosteroids), then moderate-dose ICS, then high-dose ICS, then LABA(long), and lastly oral corticosteroids.
used as an antitussive in adult and pediatric patients with a persistent cough after ruling out other potential pathologies (COPD, asthma, allergies, sinusitis) pharmacologyrespiratory Dec 14, 2019, 3:18 AM HirotoShishido
which compartment of lumg volumes does obesity affect?The most prominent finding on PFTs(pulmonary function tests) is a reduced expiratory residual volume(ERV), which is caused by reduced functional residual capacity in the setting of a ☆normal residual volume(RV) respiratory Dec 11, 2019, 8:44 AM HirotoShishido
three forms of carbon dioxide in the body①HCO3-(70%)
HCO3- converted from CO2 in RBCs is transferred out of it via band 3 protein ☆in exchange for chloride ions to maintain electrical neutrality
random→ miliary infection(TB, fungi), hematogenous metastasis respiratory Oct 19, 2019, 2:18 AM HirotoShishido
PictureCurschmann spirals
= mucoid exudate forming a cast of the airways
2nd pic
Charcot-Leyden ☆crystals(bipyramidal-shaped accumulations of eosinophil membrane protein)
→asthma respiratoryUWorld Oct 17, 2019, 1:32 AM HirotoShishido
common cause of cyanide poinsoning
findingshouse and apartment fires
(furniture and other household items are often lined with synthetic material that releases cyanide and other toxic chemicals when burned)
hypoxia unresponsive to supplemental O2 and ↑anaerobic metabolism→lactic acidosis(anion-gap acidosis) respiratory Oct 16, 2019, 9:38 PM HirotoShishido
what happens to carbon dioxide transport when metabolic acidosis happenschloride shift
The additional CO2 enters the RBCs, and carbonic anhydrase catalyzes a reaction with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into H+ and HCO3-. The hydrogen ions are buffered by the deoxyhemoglobin, while the HCO3- diffuses out of the RBCs in exchange for Cl-. This is called the chloride shift. respiratory Oct 15, 2019, 10:48 PM HirotoShishido
ground glass opacitiesnon-specific sign with a wide etiology
including
opportunistic infection(e.g. pneumocystis,CMV,RSV)
chronic interstitial disease(interstitial pneumonia)
acute alveolar disease(ARDS) respiratoryradiology Sep 29, 2019, 6:08 AM HirotoShishido
