Klebsiella pneumoniaCommunity-acquired pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, often affects patients who are malnourished and debilitated, including individuals with a history of ☆chronic alcoholism
radiation-induced lung injuryacute(1-3months)
impaired gas exchange due to exudative alveolitis → ☆hyaline membrane formation, pneumocyte sloughing(slúː)
chronic(6-12months)
radiation fibrosis(dense fibrous bands) results in decreased lung volume and dilated bronchi and bronchioles(ie traction bronchiectasis)
(predisposition to chronic infections) respiratoryradiologyUWorld HirotoShishido
cerebral autoregulationless sensitive to the arterial partial pressure of oxygen(hypoxic vasodilation) than than to carbon dioxide(hypercapnic vasodilation)
a rapid increase in CBF is not triggered until the PaO2 level drops below 50 mmHg
where do goblet cell, and ciliated cell disappear on the respiratory mucosagoblet→ (interspersed throughout the respiratory mucosa) from the trachea down to the larger bronchioles
ciliated→ from the trachea to the proximal part of the respiratory bronchioles
changes in tactile fremitus, breath sound, and percussion over consolidation, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusionboth consolidation and pulmonary edema→ increased, increased, dullness
asbestosis, sillicosis
diffrence in ①industries, ②histopathology, ③which lobe, ④complicationasbestosis→
①shipbuilding, roofing, plumbing, ☆insulation manufacturing
②ferruginous(asbestos) bodies= golden brown fusiform rods(resembling dumbbells)
③base(lower lobes)
④bronchogenic carcinoma> methothelioma
sillicosis→
①sandblasting, foundries(鋳造業), mines
(the SILLy EGG SANDwich I FOUND is MINE)
②EGGshell calcification ☆of hilar lymph nodes on CXR
☆birefringent silicate particles within dense, whorled collagenous nodules surrounded by dust-laden macrophages
N-acetylcysteineNAC
Mucolytic - liquifies mucus in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (eg, COPD, CF) by disrupting disulfide bonds. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose. respiratorypharmacology HirotoShishido
relative high lympholyte count in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage)(normally, 85% alveolar macrophage, 10% lymphocytes, small percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils)
cavitary tuberculosis (TB) vs lung abscessTB→ usually due to reactivated (not primary) mycobacterial infection,
common in the ☆upper portions of the lung,
☆do not have air-fluid levels
