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erythema multiforme
association, pathophysiology most commonly associated with ☆★HSV, ☆mycoplasma pneumoniae

+sulfonamides, collagen vascular disease


cytotoxic T cell mediated epithelial injury
dermatology UWorld UWorld step2CK Mar 27, 2020, 5:28 AM   HirotoShishido

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prenatal screening for group B streptococcus

characteristics of the bacteria GBS colonization by vaginal-rectal culture at 35-37 weeks gestation is recommended to identify colonized woman who require ★intrapartum penicillin/ampicillin to prevent neonatal GBS sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis

women with heavy colnization (eg. asymptomatic bacteriuria) needs ampicillin (★)regardless of screening status or rectovaginal culture results

GBS= streptococcus agalactiae
Produces ☆CAMP factor, which ☆enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by S aureus.
microbiology UWorld UWorld step2CK Feb 2, 2020, 3:32 AM   HirotoShishido

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methotrexate
mechanism, clinical use, adverse effect, rescue inhibit the production of THF via ↓dihydrofolate reductase

☆ALL, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma
ectopic pregnancy, RA, IBD, psoriasis

myelosuppression, ☆★hepatotoxicity, ☆mucositis, ★pulmonary fibrosis = idiosyncratic (ie, not dose dependent) reaction, folate deficiency, nephrotoxicity

☆reversible with leucovorin(N5-formyl-THF)
on the other hand, leucovorin can potentiate the toxicity of fluorouracil
pharmacology UWorld UWorld step2CK Nov 21, 2019, 7:03 AM   HirotoShishido

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causes of acute pancreatitis I GET SMASHED

idiopathic

gallstones
ethanol
trauma

steroids
mumps
autoimmune disease
scorpion bites
hypercalcemia/☆hypertriglyceridemia(>1000mg/dL)
ERCP
drugs(sulfa→★thiazide/furosemide are the most common, NRTIs(didanosine))
gastrointestinal UWorld UWorld step2CK Oct 5, 2019, 6:47 AM   HirotoShishido

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Picture
how common?, symptoms, pathophysiology the second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability=fragile X syndrome(FXS)

(CGG)n (protruding)Chin, Giant Gonads(after puberty)
+★autism, ☆large head,★ large ears

FXS is caused by a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene on the long arm of the X chromosome. FMR1 normally has 5 to 55 CGG trinucleotide repeats and can potentially expand during meiosis in oocytes. "Full mutation" is characterized by >200 CGG trinucleotide repeats, which causes FMR1 ☆h...
genetics UWorld UWorld step2CK Sep 20, 2019, 5:54 AM   HirotoShishido

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