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prenatal screening for group B streptococcus

characteristics of the bacteria GBS colonization by vaginal-rectal culture at 35-37 weeks gestation is recommended to identify colonized woman who require ★intrapartum penicillin/ampicillin to prevent neonatal GBS sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis

women with heavy colnization (eg. asymptomatic bacteriuria) needs ampicillin (★)regardless of screening status or rectovaginal culture results

GBS= streptococcus agalactiae
Produces ☆CAMP factor, which ☆enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by S aureus.
microbiology UWorld UWorld step2CK Feb 2, 2020, 3:32 AM   HirotoShishido

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cryptococcus neoformans
transmission/ treatment Acquired ☆through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges.

vs acute bacterial meningitis(eg S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, H influenzae) colonize the nasopharynx

★amphotericin B+ flucytosine ☆followed by fluconazole
microbiology UWorld UWorld step2CK Sep 10, 2019, 10:52 AM   HirotoShishido

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presentation of fibrocystic changes diffuse small cysts(black arrow) with or without papillary apocrine metaplasia

frequently cause (★)cyclic breast pain, often bilateral and multifocal
most common in menopausal woman
UWorld step2CK breast surgery UWorld May 3, 2020, 10:08 PM   HirotoShishido

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focal nodular hyperplasia (NFH)
common in female, age 20-50

regenerative reaction to hyperperfusion from anomalous arteries at center of nodule

☆lighter than normal liver tissue and lobulated with stellate scar from which ☆fibrous septate radiates to the periphery

helical CT scan (which evaluates the mass during different phases of vascular contrast) generally reveals a hyperdense lesion (ie, filled with contrast during hepatic arterial phase) and a ★central scar.

benign and typically does not enlarge
gastrointestinal UWorld UWorld step2CK Jul 1, 2020, 4:10 AM   HirotoShishido

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