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IgE independent mast cell degranulation ☆opioids, ☆vancomycin, radiocontrast agents

induce mast cell degranulation by activating of protein kinase A and PI3 kinase

Because red man syndrome(RMS) is not IgE mediated,it is not a true allergic reaction, so vancomycin infusion can be resumed at a slower rate once symptoms resolve.
immunology pharmacology UWorld Apr 19, 2020, 11:41 PM   HirotoShishido

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early and late phase type Ⅰ hypersensitivity early(immediate) →histamine, leukotriens→ vasodilation→ wheal and flare that can progress to a more systemic response(anaphylaxis)

late(hours)→ eosinophili→ ☆major basic protein→ tissue damage→ palpable, indurated lesion
immunology UWorld May 1, 2020, 12:45 AM   HirotoShishido

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Where can M. tuberculosis be seen within macrophages in lymph node biopsy The medullary sinuses are vessel-like spaces between the cords of lymphatic tissue that are located in the medulla of a lymph node. The medullary sinus is filled with macrophages and reticular cells. Histiocytes, a form of macrophage in the medulla, span a network of pseudopods that filter the sinuses of incoming pathogens.

¥M. tuberculosis can, therefore, be seen within macrophages in the medullary sinus.
immunology Amboss level4 May 8, 2020, 8:13 PM   HirotoShishido

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major role of superoxide dismutase prevent the damaging effects of superoxide produced by aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
immunology UWorld SIM2 Jun 21, 2020, 1:18 AM   HirotoShishido

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