thyroidization of kidneychronic pyelonephritis may show tubules containg eosinophilic casts resembling thyroid tissue renal May 11, 2019, 7:19 AM HirotoShishido
RCC blood vesselsinvade renal vein→if LEFT sided, may develop varicocele(精索静脈瘤)→IVC→hematogenous spread→metastasis to lung and bone urologyrenal May 11, 2019, 4:35 AM HirotoShishido
typical symptoms of adenocarcinoma of bladdermucusuria and abdominal mass can indicate urachal adenocarcinoma renalurology May 13, 2019, 6:24 AM HirotoShishido
complications of acute pyelonephritischronic pyelonephritis,renal papillary necrosis(worse prognosis),perinephric abscess,urosepsis urologyrenal May 11, 2019, 6:50 AM HirotoShishido
acute pyelonephritis causesascending UTIs
hematogerous spread←infectious endocarditis, septicemia renal May 11, 2019, 6:46 AM HirotoShishido
when reabsorption ability of the nephron start to be saturated by the filtered load of glucosewhen serum glucose reaches 200〜375 mg/dL, glucose begins to appear in urine renal May 16, 2019, 4:45 AM HirotoShishido
輸入細動脈、輸出細動脈、緻密班、傍糸球体細胞afferent arteriole,efferent arteriole,macula densa,jaxtaglomerular(JG) cells medical termrenal May 16, 2019, 4:23 AM HirotoShishido
WAGR syndrome Ggenitourinary malformations
boy:cryptorchidism,hypospadias
girl:streak ovaries→gonadoblastoma(性腺芽細胞腫) renal May 14, 2019, 5:54 AM HirotoShishido
腎周囲組織Gerota's fasia,capsula adipose,capsula fibrosa(from outside to inside) renalurology May 14, 2019, 4:00 AM HirotoShishido
the reason why NSAIDs cause the harmful effect to the patients with volume depletionIn the patient who have volume depletion such as heart failure, there is increased secretion of the vasoconstrictors angiotensin Ⅱ, norepinephrine. In these cases,there is increased secretion of prostagrandins to maintain renal blood flow by counteracting the vasoconstrictive effects. When prostagrandin synthesis is inhibited, preglomerular resistance increases, and renal blood flow is reduced leading to acute renal failure. renal May 17, 2019, 11:12 PM HirotoShishido
