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respiratory development stage1 pseudoglandular 腺様期

week5-16

main bronchus→secondary bronchi→tertiary bronchi→terminal bronchioles
embryology respiratory   HirotoShishido

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respiratory development stage2 canalicular 菅状期

week16-26

terminal bronchioles develop into respiratory bronchioles

and then, pulmonary capillaries start to form

after week24, the first primitive alveoli is formed
embryology respiratory   HirotoShishido

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respiratory development stage3 terminal sac 終末嚢期

week26〜birth

pneumocyte and capillary are formed
(able to exchange gas)
respiratory embryology   HirotoShishido

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respiratory development stage4 alveolar 肺胞期

week36〜8yo

at birth 20-70million alveoli
8 yo 300〜400million alveoli
embryology respiratory   HirotoShishido

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larynx development week5→laryngeal orifice→vocal cords

week6→epiglottis

week12→cartilages(thyroid,cricoid,arytenoid)
embryology respiratory ENT   HirotoShishido

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muscular system development
which muscle does the tissue in abaxial domain and primaxial domain develop into respectively primaxial ←from somites
→back,shoulder and intercoastal muscles

abaxial ←from parietal lateral plate mesoderm
→abdominal wall muscles,limb muscles,infrahyoid muscles
embryology musculoskeletal   HirotoShishido

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visceral and parietal lateral plate mesoderm parietal→pelvic and shoulder girdles,sternum(!!!)

visceral→heart,lung,GI tract
embryology   HirotoShishido

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skeltal development axial skelton(→80bones)
from mesoderm and ectoderm(skull)

appendicular skelton(→126bones)
all from mesoderm
embryology   HirotoShishido

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hedgehog signaling pathways 3protains,receptor desert hedgehog
indian hedgehog
sonic hedgehog

patched receptor

Anterior-posterior axis patterning, CNS developmen
→ mutation cause holoprosencephaly
embryology reproductive   HirotoShishido

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how the splitting timing affect the type of identical twins DD→split occurs within 2,3days following the fertization
MD→3〜8days
DD→8〜13days
reproductive embryology OBGY   HirotoShishido

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chorion 3 structure extraembryonic mesoderm
cytotolophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast
embryology   HirotoShishido

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when are amnion and yolk sac formed? day8 epiblasts migrate and form amnion
day9 hypoblast migrate and form yolk sac
embryology   HirotoShishido

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umbilical cord ①body stalk
②vitelline duct
③allantois→median(正中) umbilical ligament

umbilical vein→round ligament
2 umbilical arteries→medial(内側) umbilical ligament
embryology reproductive OBGY   HirotoShishido

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ectoderm lens placode→cornea,lens
otic placode→otic vesicles→cochlea,inner ear

surface ectoderm→nail,epidermis,¥melanocyte,¥central+peripheral nervous system,eye,nose,teeth,hair,ear,¥sweat glands,¥mammary glands,¥pituitary glands

¥+chromaffine cells=neural crest cells
embryology   HirotoShishido

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when do each neuropores seal ☆week4
cranial neuropore day25

caudal neuropore day28
embryology reproductive OBGY   HirotoShishido

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development of body cavities intraembryonic cavity devide lateral plate mesoderm into visceral and parietal mesoderm day19

pericardial, pleural,peritoneal cavities are established 5th week

muscular portion of diagphram is formed 7th week
embryology   HirotoShishido

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human development week3 primitive streak day14
germ layers day14 (trilaminar disc)
notochord day17
neurulation day20
secondary villa and villous capillary system
embryology   HirotoShishido

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human development week2(after day8) (almost all happen around day14)syncytiotrophoblast→primary villi

embryoblast→epiblast→extraembryonic mesoderm
embryology   HirotoShishido

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