which histological pattern of BPH does best respond to finasteride?predominant epithelial hyperplasia>> predominant stromal hyperplasia(collagen or smooth muscle predominance) reproductiveurologyUWorld Mar 31, 2020, 5:04 AM HirotoShishido
sexual play between children who vary in age (no matter what their sex)Sexual play by an older child can suggest that ☆recently he has been sexually abused by an adult and is replicating what has been done to him with the younger one. behavioral sciencereproductive Apr 27, 2020, 4:16 AM HirotoShishido
Elevation of the uterusThe tenting effect, elevation of the uterus in the pelvic cavity, begins during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle in women. behavioral sciencereproductive Apr 27, 2020, 2:03 AM HirotoShishido
agglutination inhibition testβ-hCG in urine prevent anti-hCG antibodies from binding to latex particle coated with hCG causing agglutination
→ the presence of agglutination is a negative result for pregnancy reproductiveUWorld SIM2 Jun 20, 2020, 11:14 PM HirotoShishido
the most promising way to achieve pregnancy in a woman with Turner syndrome☆In vitro fertilization of Turner syndrome patients with an ovum provided by a related or anonymous donor results in pregnancy rates approaching 60%.
(Pregnancy can occur spontaneously in some patients with Turner syndrome, but the risk of spontaneous abortion, Down syndrome and Turner syndrome are all increased in such cases.) reproductiveobstetricsUWorld May 19, 2020, 8:28 PM HirotoShishido
which part of urethra commonly injuredanterior urethral injury: perineal straddle injury→ bulbar urethra
mechanism of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal obese womanSmall amounts of androgens continue to be produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands after menopause. In obese women, these androgens (eg, androstenedione) are readily converted to estrogens (eg, estrone) by the aromatase enzyme found in adipose tissue.
However, ovarian progesterone production remains low; therefore, the unopposed estrogen causes unregulated endom etrial proliferation and subsequent endometrial hyperplasia. reproductiveUWorld May 18, 2020, 3:22 AM HirotoShishido
penis anatomy
which part does cGMP affectcorpus cavernosum/ corpus spongiosum
→ tunica albuginea→ Buck's(deep) fascia→ Dartos(superficial) fascia→ skin
cGMP mediates relaxation in the smooth muscle cells that surround the cavenous venous sinuses of the copora cavenosa reproductiveanatomyUWorld SIM1 May 26, 2020, 5:45 AM HirotoShishido
placenta accreta/increta/percreta(morbidity adherent placenta)
Placenta accreta—placenta attaches to myometrium without penetrating it; most common type.
Placenta increta—placenta penetrates into myometrium.
Placenta percreta—placenta penetrates (“perforates”) through myometrium and into uterine serosa (invades entire uterine wall) reproductiveOBGYUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 3:53 AM HirotoShishido
layers of scrotum白膜 tunica albuginea,
(臓側、壁側)鞘膜 tunica vaginalis,
内精筋膜 internal spermatic fasia,
精巣挙筋 cremasteric muscle,
外精筋膜 external spepmatic casia,
陰嚢肉様膜 dartos layer of scrotum reproductiveurology Dec 14, 2018, 1:24 AM HirotoShishido
how to distinguish bicornuate uterus from longitudinal uterine septum(2 unfused uterine horns with central filling defect on hysterosalpingogram(HSG))
MRI
septate uterus(failure of involution of the paramesonephric ducts)→ normal outer uterine contour(kάntʊɚ)
bicornuate uterus(☆failure of lateral fusion of the paramesonephric ducts)→
indentation in the center of the fundus
(uterus didelphys: complete failure of fusion→double uterus, cervix, vagina) reproductiveUWorld Jan 14, 2020, 3:30 AM HirotoShishido
neural tube defect
testα-fetoprotein (AFP) in amniotic fluid and maternal serum (except spina bifida occulta = normal AFP)☆acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in amniotic fluid is a helpful confirmatory test. reproductiveUWorld May 11, 2020, 9:17 AM HirotoShishido
exogenous anabolic steroid abuse
manifestation(fat-free mass, muscle strength,
and performance)
acne, ☆increased Hb and Hct(due to suppression of hepcidin and an elevated risk for intestinal iron absorption)
→contraindicated with hematocrit>=50%
excess testosterone is converted by aromatase to yield high levels of estradiol, which can lead to ☆gynecomastia, short stature reproductiveUWorld new question Apr 23, 2020, 2:16 AM HirotoShishido
