complications of blow out fracture(fracture of orbital floor)
damage to ☆infraorbital nerve can result in eumbness and paresthesia of the upper cheek, ☆uppep lip, and upper gingiva
enophthalmos and entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle can impair vertical gaze ENTanatomyUWorld May 17, 2020, 1:56 AM HirotoShishido
treatment for hyperhidrosisSystemic anticholinergic medications (eg, oxybutynin), local anticholinergic injectable medications (eg, botulinum toxin), or surgical sympathectomy may be used to treat hyperhidrois.
Surgical sympathectomy for primary focal hyperhidrosis of the axilla uses electrocoagulation to target the ☆thoracic sympathetic trunk at the T2 sympathetic segment.
IVC(inferior vena cava) obstruction caused by RCC(renal cell carcinoma)IVC obstruction can occur due to intraluminal extension and thrombus formation, rather than mass effect from the tumor itself.
The obstruction can occur acutely or gradually over time. In chronic cases, collateral venous circulation may develop based on the site of the obstruction. Prominent abdominal wall collateral veins(☆tortuous abdominal veins), and ☆symmetric bilateral lower extremity pitting edema suggest obstruction of the upper segment of the IVC. renalanatomyUWorld Jun 6, 2020, 11:42 PM HirotoShishido
position of
internal iliac artery, uterine artery, and ureter(from the anterior to the posterior side)
impaired movement of fingers caused by ①lunate dislocation, ②guyon canal syndrome①Recurrent branch of the median nerve to the thenar muscles: weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis (thumb abduction), flexor pollicis brevis (thumb flexion), and opponens pollicis (thumb opposition)
② ulnar nerve) between the hook of the hamate and the pisiform bone in a fibroosseous tunnel → Guyon's canal
weakness on wrist flexion/adduction, finger abduction/adduction, and flexion of the fourth/fifth digits.
The hypothenar eminence can appear flattened due to denervated muscle atrophy... musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld Jul 3, 2020, 12:38 AM HirotoShishido
superficial lymphatic vessels and deep lymphatic vessels of legslateral system→☆popliteal nodes→ deep inguinal nodes
glans penis and penile urethra→ deep inguinal nodes
defect in the afferent pathyway of cough reflexSuperior laryngeal nerve (4th pharyngeal arch)
Motor innervation (☆external branch): cricothyroid muscle
Sensory innervation (Internal laryngeal nerve): ¥above the vocal cords
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Motor innervation: all intrinsic muscles except for cricothyroid muscle
Sensory innervation: below the vocal cords
damage at ¥piriform recess→ damage to internl laryngeal nerve→ defect in the afferent pathyway of cough reflex anatomyENTAmboss level4 May 8, 2020, 6:00 AM HirotoShishido
kidney transplantThe native kidneys are typically left in place, and the donor kidney is placed retroperitoneally in the right iliac fossa.
Blood supply is established by anastomosing the donor renal artery with the recipient's ☆external iliac artery.
Although the transplanted ureter will continue to receive blood ☆through the donor's renal artery, the most distal portion may be susceptible to ischemia due to lack of anastomotic connections. renalanatomyUWorld Jun 27, 2020, 9:26 PM HirotoShishido
pure motor symptoms of radial nerve injuryinjury to the deep branch of the radial nerve at the supinator muscle can be due to ☆repetitive pronation/spination of the forearm
involved: posterior interosseous nerve→ weakness on finger and thumb extension
not involved: extensor carpi radialis longus(responsible for wrist extension), superficial branch of radial nerve(cutaneous sensory branch) musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld May 20, 2020, 10:41 PM HirotoShishido
ventral postero-Medial mucleus
→face sensation, taste(Makeup on the face)(trigeminal and gustatory pathway) neurologyanatomyUWorld Mar 7, 2020, 5:42 PM HirotoShishido
De Quervain tenosynovitisNoninflammatory thickening of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons→ pain or tenderness at radial styloid.
⊕ Finkelstein test (pain at radial styloid with active or passive stretch of thumb tendons).↑risk in new mothers, golfers, racquet sport players, “thumb” texters. musculoskeletalanatomy Jul 4, 2020, 2:54 AM HirotoShishido
what nerve will be injured?femoral nerve
Femoral nerve mononeuropathy can occur due to trauma (eg, pelvic fracture), compression from a ☆hematoma or abscess, or injury during surgery/childbirth. Findings of femoral neuropathy include quadriceps weakness (eg, difficulty with stairs, falling due to knee buckling), decreased patellar reflex, and ☆sensory loss over the anterior and medial thigh and medial leg. musculoskeletalanatomyUWorld Jul 3, 2020, 6:20 PM HirotoShishido
three major branches from common femoral veindeep femoral vein, femoral vein, great saphenous vein musculoskeletalanatomy Jul 4, 2020, 1:03 AM HirotoShishido
distortions of the handClawing”—seen best with distal lesions of median or ulnar nerves. Remaining extrinsic flexors of the digits exaggerate the loss of the lumbricalsfingers extend at MCP, flex at DIP and PIP joints.
Deficits less pronounced in proximal lesions; deficits present during voluntary flexion of the digits. musculoskeletalanatomy Jul 3, 2020, 10:38 PM HirotoShishido
