the difference between gonococcal and chlamydial conjunctivitisgonococcal→2-5 days after birth, bilateral prulent discharge, preauricular lymphadenopathy
infection caused by the single strand DNA virus(Parvovirus)
fifth disease(erythema infectiosum)
☆prodromal phase that includes non specific findings such as a low-grade fever, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms
(similar to roseola infantum but this present in children age<2)
→ these are follwed by
erythematous rash that looks like both cheeks have just been slapped
and then, a pruritic maculopapular rash spread over trunk and extremities microbiologypediatricsUWorld Nov 19, 2019, 6:04 AM HirotoShishido
when should children be introduced to complimentary baby foodat 6 months of age
Breast milk contains very little iron, approximately 0.35 mg/liter. After 6 months, most infants’ iron stores have been depleted, so this iron needs to come from complementary foods +/- fortified formula biochemistrypediatrics Nov 2, 2019, 12:10 AM HirotoShishido
developmental milestone for a 1-year-old childmimicking scribbling
where does rash start in the patients with roseola infantum, measles, rubellaroseola infantum(exanthem subitum)→starts on trunk and spreads to the face
measles→starts on the head/neck and spreads downward
rubella→starts on face and spreads centrifugally to involve trunk and extremities ☆(postauricular, occipital) lymphadenopathy microbiologypediatricsUWorld Oct 29, 2019, 8:49 AM HirotoShishido
absent lymph nodes and tonsils
treatmentsuggest Bruton's agammaglobulinemia(XLA)(defect in BTK(Bruton's tyrosine kinase))
+☆absent germinal centers
intravenous γ-globulin injection
(absent thymic shadow→☆SCID)
Sinopulmonary infections are most common and are typically caused by encapsulated bacteria (eg, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b), which require antibody opsonization for clearance. Patients are also predisposed to chronic enteroviral infection (eg, ★meningoencephalitis) immunologypediatricsUWorld step2CK Sep 24, 2019, 8:55 AM HirotoShishido
chronic granulmatous disease(CGD)
diagnosis(defect in NADPH oxidase→ ↑susceptrbility to catalase+ organisms)
☆★abnormal dihydrorhodamine(DHR) test(↓ green fluorescence)
nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) dye reduction test fails to turn blue immunologypediatricsUWorld step2CK Sep 23, 2019, 1:14 AM HirotoShishido
4 glycogen strage disease(hepatic)1→glucose-6-phosphatase def
(von gierke)
G6P is diverted to other pathways and subsequent ☆lactic acid production
★↑uric acid
★↑TG
☆steatosis⇔ cori
(muscular)2→α-1,4-glucosidase with α-1,6-glucosidase def (☆lysosomal strage disease)
☆serere cardiomegaly
☆positive PAS
(pompe)
retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)
treatmentstage 1,2→resolves spontaneously
stage3→photocoagulation(laser therapy)
stage4,5(rare)→vitreous surgery ophthalmologypediatrics Jun 28, 2019, 3:22 AM HirotoShishido
homocystinuria
findingsHOMOCYstinuria
Homocysteine in urine
☆★Hypercoagulability ⇔Marfan
Osteoporosis
Marfanoid habitus
Ocular changes(Y→↓☆downward and inward lens subluxation) (Marfan→ upward)
Cardiovascular effects(MI,stroke)
★fair Complexion
kYphosis
☆Intellectual disability biochemistrypediatricsUWorld step2CK Jun 26, 2019, 4:47 AM HirotoShishido
Sturge Weber syndrome
symptomsSTURGE
Sporadic, port wine Stain(leptomeningeal capillary-venous malformation in CNⅤ1,2), Tram track calcifications(CT), Unilateral, Retardation, Glaucoma, GNAQ gene, Epilepsy(opposite)
vascular malformation involving the occipital lobe or optic tract can also cause visual field defects. For example, ★homonymous hemianopia neurologypediatricsUWorld step2CK Jun 18, 2019, 5:05 AM HirotoShishido
nephroblastoma vs neuroblastomap vs u
p→does not cross the midline, smooth mass
u→cross the midline, irregular mass
