sequence of telomerestelomerase(reverse transcriptase(RNA dependent DNA polymerase))adds DNA(TTAGGG) to 3' ends of chromosomes to avoid loss of genetic material with every duplication
locations of mRNA processingnucleus
・capping of 5' end
・polyadenylation 3' end
・splicing out of introns
cytoplasm
・quality control(☆interaction with Processing(P) bodies)
P bodies
①decap and degrade unwanted mRNAs
②☆store mRNA until needed for translation
③aid in translational repression by miRNAs (related to siRNAs) geneticsbiologyUWorld May 15, 2020, 3:33 AM HirotoShishido
carrier frequency2pq(aA or Aa)= 2q(p≒1)
q=mutant allele frequency
q^2=the frequency of affected individuals geneticsUWorld May 14, 2020, 11:00 PM HirotoShishido
cystic fibrosis
changes in channels on sweat duct, and airwaysweat duct: closed Cl- channel that absorbs Cl→ closed Na+ channel that absorbs Na
airway: closed Cl- channel that secrets Cl→ ☆compensatory increased Na+ absorption geneticsUWorld May 10, 2020, 9:32 AM HirotoShishido
What predispose the patient to developing BRAF mutation, leading to malignant melanomaFormation of covalent bonds between adjacent pyrimidine bases
DNA lesions are caused by exposure to UV radiation and form bulky helix distortions that interfere with DNA replication. geneticsdermatologyAmboss level4 May 8, 2020, 12:32 PM HirotoShishido
RNA polymeraseⅠ→ rRNA(present only in ☆nucleolus)
Ⅱ→ mRNA, miRNA, snRNA
※snRNA+specific protein(eg Smith protein)= small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNP)
→☆RNA splicing
in what locations the mutation which prevent the binding of a certain protein to lts regulatory sequence occur?(lac l→CAP site→Promotor→Operator→lac Z→lac Y→lac A)
operator locus
(a certain protein=repressor protein(product of the lac l gene))
this mutation results in increased transcription of the genes of the lac operon in lactose-deficient media, although the presence of glucose will prevent maximal transcriptional activity geneticsbiologyUWorld May 1, 2020, 12:56 AM HirotoShishido
polycistronic mRNAa single mRNA molecule which codes for ☆more than one protein is reffered to as a polycistronic mRNA, and while most prokaryotic mRNA molecule are polycistronic, eukaryotic mRNA is rerely polycistronic geneticsbiologyUWorld Apr 30, 2020, 8:22 AM HirotoShishido
specific symptom for cystic fibrosis(CF), cause of deathalmost all full-term infants with meconium ileus( by inspissated=dehydrated meconium)are eventually diagnosed with CF
In the United States, ☆pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and cor pulmonale account for most deaths due to CF. geneticsbiochemistryUWorld Apr 24, 2020, 10:41 AM HirotoShishido
